Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cucumis prophetarum Aqueous Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Activity Against Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Biosynthesized nanoparticles are gaining attention because of biologically active plant secondary metabolites that help in green synthesis and also due to their unique biological applications. This study reports a facile, ecofriendly, reliable, and cost-effective synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous leaf extract of Cucumis prophetarum (C. prophetarum) and their antibacterial and antiproliferative activity. Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of C. prophetarum, which acted as a reducing and capping agent. The biosynthesized C. prophetarum silver nanoparticles (Cp-AgNPs) were characterized using different techniques, such as UV−visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Phytochemical analysis was performed to determine the phytochemicals responsible for the reduction and capping of the biosynthesized Cp-AgNPs. The antioxidant activity of the biosynthesized nanoparticles was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. Their antibacterial activity was checked against Staphylococcus aureus (Grampositive) and Salmonella typhi (Gram-negative) bacteria. The biosynthesized nanoparticles showed dosage-dependent inhibition activity with a significant zone of inhibition and were more effective toward S. typhi as compared to S. aureus. Their antiproliferative activity was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on selected cancer cell lines. The IC 50 values of Cp-AgNPs on A549, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and MCF-7 were found to be 105.8, 81.1, 94.2, and 65.6 μg/mL, respectively, and this showed that the Cp-AgNPs were more potent toward MCF-7 as compared to other cell lines used in this study. This work revealed that the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using C. prophetarum leaf extract were associated with good antibacterial activity and antiproliferative potential against selected cancer cell lines. The biosynthesized C. prophetarum AgNPs can be further exploited as a potential candidate for antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer agents.

Zizyphus mauritiana Fruit Extract-Mediated Synthesized Silver/Silver Chloride Nanoparticles Retain Antimicrobial Activity and Induce Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells through the Fas Pathway

“…The cytotoxicity of AgNPs against MCF-7 cells was also reported in several articles. 1 , 41 , 44 , 48 , 51 , 52 , 54 However, the long-term effect of Ag/AgCl-NPs on MCF-7 cell line was not reported. In the present study, the colony of MCF-7 cells was not observed in the synthesized Ag/AgCl-NP-treated wells after two weeks as compared with the non-treated wells.…”

Characterization and Evaluation of Multiple Biological Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated from Dragon Tongue Bean Outer Peel Extract

“…It has extensive applications in numerous sectors like food, biomedicine, agriculture, and cosmetic industries that have arisen as one of the huge arenas of research. [1][2][3] At present, the synthesis of plant-mediated metal (Ag, Au, Zn) nanoparticles is the main point of attraction among current researchers due to its unique characteristics higher optoelectronic property, and biocompatibility. [2][3][4] Biosynthesis methods are recently used to synthesize nanoparticles by utilizing natural (reducing, capping, and stabilizing) agents.…”

“…[1][2][3] At present, the synthesis of plant-mediated metal (Ag, Au, Zn) nanoparticles is the main point of attraction among current researchers due to its unique characteristics higher optoelectronic property, and biocompatibility. [2][3][4] Biosynthesis methods are recently used to synthesize nanoparticles by utilizing natural (reducing, capping, and stabilizing) agents. [4][5][6] Using plant material synthesis of metal NPs like AgNPs is a non-toxic, harmless, economical, and eco-friendly method of nanoparticle synthesis.…”

Biofunctionalized silver and gold nanoparticles as potential curative agents

“…Cucumis prophetarum A549 105.80 Hemlata et al [69] MDA explains the % cell toxicity profile of the extract and nanoparticles. The AgNPs have 100% toxicity at 25 μg ml −1 concentration, and the IC 50 value is found to be 3.6 μg ml −1 .…”