Biosynthesis of Streptococcal Cell Walls: A Rhamnose Polysaccharide

Zeleznick, L. D.; Boltralik, J. J.; Barkulis, S. S.; Smith, C. Jeffrey; Heymann, H

doi:10.1126/science.140.3565.400

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Incorporation of L-rhamnose from dTDP-L-rhamnose into cell wall frag ments of Streptococcus has been reported (132,133). A particulate fraction derived from Type XIV Pneumococcus incorporates n-glucose, D-galactose, and N-acetyl-n-glucosamine from their uridine derivatives into a product of large molecular weight reactive with Type XIV antiserum (134).…”

Section: Synthesis Of Complex Saccharidesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Neufeld¹,

Ginsburg²

1965

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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This review covers recent advances in some fields of current interest, with emphasis on biosynthesis and metabolic controls. Whole areas of research, including transport, transformations of sugars not linked to nuc1eotides, the hexose monophosphate shunt, and the degradation of saccharides other than glycogen have been regretfully omitted. SUGAR NUCLEOTIDESIsolation.-The list of sugar nucleotides isolated from natural sources continues to grow. GDP-D-mannuronic acid has been isolated from brown algae (1), CDP-paratose from Salmonella paratyphi A (2), ADP-mannose, ADP-galactose and ADP-N -acetylglucosamine from corn grain (3); and from Azotobacter vinelandii, strain 0, two unusual CDP-linked sugars (a 2-0-methyl-deoxyaldose and a carboxylic acid ester thereof) have been isolated (4). While GDP-D-mannuronic acid and CDP-paratose presumably are intermediates in the synthesis of alginic acid and lipopolysaccharide, respec tively, possible functions of the remaining sugar nucleotides are not so obvious.Phosphorylases.-An enzyme from wheat germ catalyzes the phosphoroly sis of ADP-D-glucose to form ADP and a-D-glucose 1-phosphate (5). Inor ganic phosphate is incorporated into the terminal position of ADP. The reaction, which has not been reversed, goes equally well with ADP-D mannose, more slowly with other ADP sugars, and not at all with some nucleotides including UPD-D-glucose, GDP-D-mannose, and NAD. Another example of this type of reaction is the phosphorolysis of GDP-D-mannose catalyzed by extracts of yeast (6). The significance of these pathways is unknown, but possibly they serve to prevent excessive accumulation of sugar nucleotides. Interestingly, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate can also un dergo phosphorolysis (6a).Pyrophosphorylases.-dTDP-D-galactose pyrophosphorylase activity has been separated from UDP-D-galactose pyrophosphorylase activity in prepa rations from mung bean seedlings (7) and Streptococcus faecalis grown on D-gaiactose (8). CDP-n-glucose pyrophosphorylase (9) and dTDP-n-glucose 1 The survey of literature pertaining to this review was concluded in August 1964. 2 The following abbreviations will be used in the text: ADP, CDP, GDP, IDP, dTDP, and UDP (the diphosphates of adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, ino sine, de oxythymidine, and uridine, respectively); NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide); and NADH (its reduced form). 297Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1965.34:297-312. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Michigan State University Library on 02/06/15. For personal use only.Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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Section: Synthesis Of Complex Saccharidesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Neufeld¹,

Ginsburg²

1965

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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“…mammalian brain [1], and yeast [2,3] are unspecific (by definition) and achieve phosphorylation of D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and other substrates, very specific glucokinases isolated from liver [4], Aerobacter aerogenes [5] and Entamoeba histolytica [6] have been described. N-Acetyl-Dglucosamine kinases from Streptomyces pyrogenes [7] and E. coli [8] seem to be related to hexokinase and glucokinase respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic glucokinase fromBacillus stearothermophilus

1973

FEBS Letters

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“…aeruginosa were shown to catalyze the transfer of rhamnose from TDP-rhamnose to (3-hydroxydecanoyloxy) decanoic acid with the formation of a rhamnolipid (336). Zeleznick et al (337) incubated TDP-rhamnose-14C with protoplast membranes of Streptococcus pyogenes and obtained incorporation of the rhamnose moiety into a polysaccharide material. Pazur and Anderson (338) obtained similar results with cellwall fragments of the same organism.…”

Section: Lipopo1ysaccharides-considerable Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoside Biosynthesis and the Biochemistry of Sugar Nucleotides

Kelleher

1965

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Biosynthesis of Streptococcal Cell Walls: A Rhamnose Polysaccharide

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic glucokinase fromBacillus stearothermophilus

Glycoside Biosynthesis and the Biochemistry of Sugar Nucleotides

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