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The increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability and the need for eco‐friendly solutions has intensified interest in bio‐fabricated titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles due to their unique properties and versatile applications. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using various biological sources, including plants and microorganisms, highlighting the advantages of green synthesis methods over conventional techniques. The antimicrobial activity of bio‐fabricated TiO2 nanoparticles against a range of pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, opportunistic species of Staphylococcus, Teschovirus A, Trichoderma, Candida albicans has been examined and scripted in various research papers, along with the underlying mechanisms that contribute to their efficacy. Additionally, the potential of TiO2 nanoparticles in cancer therapy is explored, focusing on their ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and their applications in photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the discussion on the environmental applications of TiO2 nanoparticles, including their role in wastewater treatment, air purification, and as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants, in agriculture, energy production, electronic sensing emphasized its importance in maintaining environmental sustainability. By elucidating the multifaceted roles of bio‐fabricated TiO2 nanoparticles, this study underscores their potential as a promising alternative in healthcare and environmental management, paving the way for future research and applications in nanotechnology.
The increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability and the need for eco‐friendly solutions has intensified interest in bio‐fabricated titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles due to their unique properties and versatile applications. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using various biological sources, including plants and microorganisms, highlighting the advantages of green synthesis methods over conventional techniques. The antimicrobial activity of bio‐fabricated TiO2 nanoparticles against a range of pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, opportunistic species of Staphylococcus, Teschovirus A, Trichoderma, Candida albicans has been examined and scripted in various research papers, along with the underlying mechanisms that contribute to their efficacy. Additionally, the potential of TiO2 nanoparticles in cancer therapy is explored, focusing on their ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and their applications in photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the discussion on the environmental applications of TiO2 nanoparticles, including their role in wastewater treatment, air purification, and as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants, in agriculture, energy production, electronic sensing emphasized its importance in maintaining environmental sustainability. By elucidating the multifaceted roles of bio‐fabricated TiO2 nanoparticles, this study underscores their potential as a promising alternative in healthcare and environmental management, paving the way for future research and applications in nanotechnology.
This study investigates the utilization of water caltrop pod, an abundant agricultural waste product, as a green extract for the optimized biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). To comprehensively characterize the water caltrop pod and the biosynthesized CuNPs by water caltrop pod a sophisticated techniques were employed, including U.V-Vis spectrophotometry for probing their preliminary analysis of copper nanoparticles, FT-IR spectroscopy for elucidating the functional groups present in water caltrop pod, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for visualizing the morphology, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) for elemental analysis while Energy-Dispersive X-ray (XRD) to determine crystalline structure of copper nanoparticles. Furthermore, the antibacterial application of these biogenic copper nanoparticles was explored. The antibacterial activity of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) was investigated against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, revealing their efficacy in combating microbial growth employing a Well Diffusion method. Copper nanoparticles showed greater antibacterial treatment against Gram (+ve) bacteria i.e. Staphylococcus aureus as compared to Gram (-ve) bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli. This research paves the way for the sustainable production of bio-functional CuNPs from waste biomass, offering promising application in antibacterial therapies.
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