Biosynthesis of Yeast Carotenoids

Simpson, Kenneth L.; Nakayama, Tatsuo; Chichester, C. O.

doi:10.1128/jb.88.6.1688-1694.1964

Cited by 108 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“… BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY OF CAROTENOID PRODUCTION IN RHODOTORULA GLUTINIS Adapted from Simpson et al. (1964), Bonaly and Malenge (1968) and Hayman et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Nicotine and Diphenylamine on the Carotenoid Composition of Rhodotorula Strains

Squina

Mercadante

2005

J Food Biochemistry

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In order to obtain commercially interesting carotenoid profiles, the effect of supplementation with diphenylamine (DPA) and nicotine in the culture media of Rhodotorula rubra and Rhodotorula glutinis was studied. Fermentation experiments were carried out in flasks. The carotenoids were extracted with ethyl acetate by physical disruption, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column. At subinhibitory levels, both the inhibitors showed no effect on yeast growth for the two strains. Only R. rubra produced more carotenoids when 5 mmol of DPA was added to the broth, 155.8 mg/g of dry weight. For both strains, supplementation with 5 mmol DPA caused a significant reduction in the torularhodin/torulene ratio, from 1.5 to 0.5 for R. rubra, and from 0.8 to 0.5 for R. glutinis. With 10 mmol of this inhibitor, an accumulation of b-carotene occurred from 13 to 47% in R. rubra, and from 36 to 43% in R. glutinis. Supplementation with nicotine resulted in the selective biosynthesis of lycopene (up to 93.8 mg/g) and the formation of a minor carotenoid, tentatively identified as 3,4didehydrolycopene, not previously related to Rhodotorula spp.

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“… BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY OF CAROTENOID PRODUCTION IN RHODOTORULA GLUTINIS Adapted from Simpson et al. (1964), Bonaly and Malenge (1968) and Hayman et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carotenogenesis in Rhodotorula glutinis was evaluated using the cyclization inhibitor 2‐(4‐chlorophenylthio)‐triethylamine (Hayman et al. 1974), and the dehydrogenation inhibitors such as methyl‐heptanone, β‐ionone (Simpson et al. 1964) and DPA (Hayman et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Nicotine and Diphenylamine on the Carotenoid Composition of Rhodotorula Strains

Squina

Mercadante

2005

J Food Biochemistry

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“…Similar results were observed in another strain of R. glutinis, 48-23T, in which the composition of carotenoids varied when different culture temperatures were applied. It was found that at 25°C the synthesized β-carotene, torulin and torulaihodin accounted for about 30% of the total carotenoids, respectively, whereas at 5°C, the proportion of β-carotene increased to 64%, by contrast the content of the other two carotenoids decreased significantly [35]. Buzzini and Martini [36] also reported that in R. glutinis the lower temperature (at 25°C) favored the synthesis of β-carotene and torulene whereas the higher temperature (30~35°C) is more suitable for the production of torularhodin.…”

Section: Optimization Approaches On Cultivation Conditions For the Prmentioning

confidence: 95%

Biosynthetic Pathway of Carotenoids in Rhodotorula and Strategies for Enhanced Their Production

Tang¹,

Wang²,

Jun³

et al. 2019

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Rhodotorula is a group of pigment-producing yeasts well known for its intracellular biosynthesis of carotenoids such as β-carotene, γ-carotene, torulene and torularhodin. The great potential of carotenoids in applications in food and feed as well as in health products and cosmetics has generated a market value expected to reach over $2.0 billion by 2022. Due to growing public concern over food safety, the demand for natural carotenoids is rising, and this trend significantly encourages the use of microbial fermentation for natural carotenoid production. This review covers the biological properties of carotenoids and the most recent findings on the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, as well as strategies for the metabolic engineering methods for the enhancement of carotenoid production by Rhodotorula. The practical approaches to improving carotenoid yields, which have been facilitated by advancements in strain work as well as the optimization of media and fermentation conditions, were summarized respectively.

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“…glutinis, the carotenoids, was studied by Simpson et a1. [42]. It was found that carotenoid synthesis occurs mainly during the later stages of growth.…”

Section: Effect Of Carotenoid Pigments On the Endogenous Photosensitimentioning

confidence: 99%

PHOTODYNAMIC RESPONSES IN RHODOTORULA GLUTINIS IN THE ABSENCE OF ADDED SENSITIZERS*

Maxwell¹,

Chichester²

1971

Photochem & Photobiology

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The lethal effect of a continuous spectrum of light at wavelengths longer than 300 nm has been examined for the yeast Rhodotorulu glufinis. A survival curve consisting of a shoulder, an exponential phase of death, and a ''tailing off' phase was shown to occur when cells were irradiated in the absence of a sensitizing dye. An action spectrum showed that the portion of the light used for irradiation which is lethal to the cells lies between 3 10 and 430 nm. I t was found that carotenoid pigments were not able to provide any protection against this endogenously photosensitized oxidation. Exponentially growing cells were the most sensitive to killing and, as cells approached and entered into the stationary phase of growth, they became more resistant until a constant level of sensitivity was reached. A primary temperature effect on the length of the shoulder prior to the death of the cell has been observed. The sensitivity was greatest at low temperatures with an optimum resistance occurring at 22.5"C and an increasing sensitivity occurring at higher temperatures. Various sites have been examined for cellular damage which might lead to the death of the cell. Damage was found to impair the function of the plasmalemma, the glycolytic and respiratory system, the nucleus, and to be observable cytologically.

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Biosynthesis of Yeast Carotenoids

Cited by 108 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of Nicotine and Diphenylamine on the Carotenoid Composition of Rhodotorula Strains

Influence of Nicotine and Diphenylamine on the Carotenoid Composition of Rhodotorula Strains

Biosynthetic Pathway of Carotenoids in Rhodotorula and Strategies for Enhanced Their Production

PHOTODYNAMIC RESPONSES IN RHODOTORULA GLUTINIS IN THE ABSENCE OF ADDED SENSITIZERS*

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