Biosynthesis of α-pyrones

Abstract

SummaryThe α-pyrone moiety is a structural feature found in a huge variety of biologically active metabolites. In recent times new insights into additional biosynthetic mechanisms, yielding in such six-membered unsaturated ester ring residues have been obtained. The purpose of this mini-review is to give a brief overview of α-pyrones and the mechanisms forming the basis of their natural synthesis. Especially the chain interconnecting enzymes, showing homology to ketosynthases which catalyze Claisen-like condensation reactions, will be presented.

Conversion of Curcumin into Heterocyclic Compounds as Potent Anti-diabetic and Anti-histamine Agents

“…The inhibition of this compound may be due to pyrimidin and pyran rings. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Our results agree with Najafian 11) he reported that curcumin inhibited α-amylase with an half maximal inhibitory concentration IC 50 value 51.32 µM. Curcumin at different concentrations, i.e., 10, 50, 100 µg showed dose dependent effect where as the standard indomethacin at 50 and 100 µg exhibited much higher activity.…”

“…Compounds 5, 6 and 7 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against histamine and was comparable with that of original curcumin. Compound 5 showed 29.35±2.5, 36.82±2.1, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Curcumin has been reported to have anti-allergic effects and can inhibit the release of histamine from mast cells. 27) The histamine release from compound 48/80-treated RPMCs was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by curcumin (58 and 80% inhibition at 25 and 50 µM, respectively).…”

“…11) Pyrimidines exhibit a wide broad as biologically active agents they showed antioxidant, 12) antifungal, 13) antibacterial, 14) antihypertensive, 15) antitumor, 16) activity. Also pyranone which is six membered oxygenated unsaturated ester heterocyclic compounds that shares chemical and physical properties reminiscent of alkene and aromatic compounds showed a wide range of biological activity as antileukemic, 17) antitumor, 18) anti-fungal 19) inhibiting, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease 20) qualities also it was found that In the last several decades, cyclohexenone derivatives have received considerable attention due to their wide range of applications. Cyclohexenone derivatives exhibit antitumor, 21) anti-bacterial, 22) antimicrobial 23) agents this promoted the author to convert curcumin into this newly heterocyclic derivatives to enhance its biological activity.…”

New α-pyrones from an endophytic fungus, Hypoxylon investiens J2

“…a-Pyrone, a six-membered lactone, is frequently discovered in microorganisms, plants, and animals, and is oen substituted with a side chain. 16 The diverse substitutions of the six-membered lactone, as well as the variations in length and substitutions of the side chain, greatly contribute to the structural diversity and complexity of a-pyrone derivatives. [17][18][19][20][21] Compounds 1-4 are new a-pyrone derivatives containing an unusual dimethyl substitution in the highly unsaturated side chain (Fig.…”

“…Their plausible biosynthetic pathway was proposed through a polyketide synthase. 16 A linear polyketide chain was rst constructed from an acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) and six malonyl-CoA followed by reduction, dehydration, methylation, oxidation, or cyclization to generate the a-pyrone derivatives.…”