Biosynthetic Pathway of Citrinin in the Filamentous Fungus
            <i>Monascus ruber</i>
            as Revealed by
            <sup>13</sup>
            C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Hajjaj, Hassan; Klaebe, A.; Loret, Marie O.; Goma, G.; Blanc, Philippe; François, Jean

doi:10.1128/aem.65.1.311-314.1999

Cited by 139 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this study, compared with the control, citrinin production showed a decrease of 45.0% while yellow, red, and orange pigment production showed an increase of 72.9, 73.9, and 40.1%, respectively, with 1.6 mT LF‐MF treatment. As described by Hajjaj et al [1999], LF‐MF treatment might affect the tetraketide branch point but not the synthesis process of the precursor. In addition, relative expression levels of pksPT, pigR, veA , and laeA significantly increased and those of citrinin synthesis genes ( pksCT and ctnA ) apparently decreased after exposure to 1.6 mT LF‐MF relative to the control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Low‐Frequency Magnetic Field of Appropriate Strengths Changed Secondary Metabolite Production and Na⁺ Concentration of Intracellular and Extracellular Monascus purpureus

Xiong

Zhen

Liu

et al. 2020

Bioelectromagnetics

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Monascus purpureus is used to yield edible pigments accompanied by mycotoxin-citrinin. A low-frequency (<300 Hz) magnetic field (LF-MF) affects microbial metabolism. The link of LF-MF with secondary metabolites and intracellular and extracellular Na + levels in M. purpureus was determined. The fermentation broth was exposed to LF-MF during the first 2 days of fermentation and continuously cultured at 30°C and 200 rpm until the 8th day of fermentation. Results showed that LF-MF treatments didn't affect the growth of M. purpureus in liquid-state fermentation. Compared with the control, citrinin production showed a decrease of 45.0%, while yellow, red, and orange pigment production showed an increase of 72.9, 73.9, and 40.1%, respectively, with LF-MF treatment of 1.6 mT. This was in agreement with downregulation of pksCT and ctnA, and upregulation of pksPT, pigR, veA, and laeA at the transcriptional level. Moreover, 1.6 mT LF-MF exposure caused the transfer of Na + from extracellular to intracellular, which was validated through the upregulation of transmembrane sensor synthesis genes and the changes in the relative expression levels of the P-type ATPase and protein phosphatase genes. This study established that LF-MF could inhibit citrinin and stimulate pigment production and change intracellular and extracellular Na + concentrations. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:289-297.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Low‐Frequency Magnetic Field of Appropriate Strengths Changed Secondary Metabolite Production and Na⁺ Concentration of Intracellular and Extracellular Monascus purpureus

Xiong

Zhen

Liu

et al. 2020

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…With further study on genetic differences, we may gain new insight on this issue (data not shown). Previous work (Hajjaj et al 1999) on biosynthetic pathways of citrinin and red pigment has concluded that both polyketides, synthesized through two branches, derived from the same precursor, tetraketide. However, there is little study on the association between these two branches during the process of growth and metabolism of Monascus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cyclic AMP on development and secondary metabolites of Monascus ruber M-7

Lai

Wang

Qing

et al. 2011

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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Aim: To study effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on development and secondary metabolites of Monascus ruber M‐7. Methods and Results: Plate culture, liquid‐state fermentation (LSF) and solid‐state fermentation (SSF) were used to evaluate effects of cAMP on colonial growth, spore formation and polyketide production of Strain M‐7. The results revealed that the variation trends of colonial sizes, numbers of sexual spores and red pigment contents of M‐7 were in a dose‐dependent manner. And generally they increased and decreased with cAMP concentrations in the ranges of low cAMP concentrations and high cAMP concentrations, respectively. But the variation trends of numbers of asexual spores and citrinin production in both LSF and SSF were opposite to those of colonial sizes, sexual sporulation and red pigment. Conclusions: The regulation of cAMP on development and secondary metabolites in Strain M‐7 was in a dose‐dependent pattern. And red pigment might convert to citrinin under changing cAMP concentrations. Significance and Impact of the Study: The effects of cAMP on Strain M‐7 in SSF give a new clue to enhance beneficial polyketides and reduce citrinin produced by M. ruber.

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“…The desire to decrease or eliminate the production of citrinin in RMR and Monascus ‐related products has led to the study of the biosynthetic pathway of citrinin. In 1999, the biosynthetic pathway of citrinin in M. ruber was proposed using 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (Figure ) (Hajjaj and others ).…”

Section: Monascus Molecular Biology a New Breakthrough (From The Latmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible Filamentous Fungi from the Species Monascus: Early Traditional Fermentations, Modern Molecular Biology, and Future Genomics

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2015

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

199

154

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Monascus spp. are filamentous fungi famous for their fermented products, especially red mold rice (RMR), a traditional fermented food in East Asian areas with a very long edible history documented back to the Han dynasty (BC 202-AD 220) in China. Nowadays, RMR and its related products involve a very large industry from artisanal traditional fermentations to food companies to medicine manufacturers, which are distributed worldwide. Modern studies have shown that Monascus spp. are able to produce abundant beneficial secondary metabolites, such as monacolins (cholesterollowering agents), γ -amino butyric acid (an antihypertensive substance), dimerumic acid (an antioxidant), and pigments (food-grade colorants), and some strains can also secrete citrinin, a nephrotoxic metabolite. Monascus-related studies have received much attention because of their wide applications. However, to our knowledge, no systematic review on the progress of Monascus research has ever been published. In this review, the progress of research on Monascus is summarized into 3 stages: Monascus fermentation, Monascus molecular biology, and Monascus genomics. This review covers the past history, current status, and future direction of Monascus research, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of Monascus research progress.

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Biosynthetic Pathway of Citrinin in the Filamentous Fungus Monascus ruber as Revealed by ¹³ C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Cited by 139 publications

References 14 publications

Low‐Frequency Magnetic Field of Appropriate Strengths Changed Secondary Metabolite Production and Na⁺ Concentration of Intracellular and Extracellular Monascus purpureus

Low‐Frequency Magnetic Field of Appropriate Strengths Changed Secondary Metabolite Production and Na⁺ Concentration of Intracellular and Extracellular Monascus purpureus

Effects of cyclic AMP on development and secondary metabolites of Monascus ruber M-7

Edible Filamentous Fungi from the Species Monascus: Early Traditional Fermentations, Modern Molecular Biology, and Future Genomics

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Biosynthetic Pathway of Citrinin in the Filamentous Fungus Monascus ruber as Revealed by 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Cited by 139 publications

References 14 publications

Low‐Frequency Magnetic Field of Appropriate Strengths Changed Secondary Metabolite Production and Na+ Concentration of Intracellular and Extracellular Monascus purpureus

Low‐Frequency Magnetic Field of Appropriate Strengths Changed Secondary Metabolite Production and Na+ Concentration of Intracellular and Extracellular Monascus purpureus

Effects of cyclic AMP on development and secondary metabolites of Monascus ruber M-7

Edible Filamentous Fungi from the Species Monascus: Early Traditional Fermentations, Modern Molecular Biology, and Future Genomics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Biosynthetic Pathway of Citrinin in the Filamentous Fungus Monascus ruber as Revealed by ¹³ C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Low‐Frequency Magnetic Field of Appropriate Strengths Changed Secondary Metabolite Production and Na⁺ Concentration of Intracellular and Extracellular Monascus purpureus

Low‐Frequency Magnetic Field of Appropriate Strengths Changed Secondary Metabolite Production and Na⁺ Concentration of Intracellular and Extracellular Monascus purpureus