Biosystematics of the Physarum compressum Morphospecies

Irawan, Bambang; Clark, Jim; Stephenson, Steven L.

doi:10.2307/3761584

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with data from mating experiments in myxomycete cultures (El Hage et al, 2000;Clark 2000;Clark and Stephenson 2000;Irawan et al, 2000), which found that at least some Using ENM to test 'everything is everywhere' M Aguilar et al widespread morphospecies may actually consist of complexes of reproductively isolated clonal lines that can be geographically restricted (Clark 2004). Previous molecular studies on other myxomycete morphospecies did not show any clear relationship between genetic variants and the geographical origin of the specimens (Winsett and Stephenson 2008;Fiore-Donno et al, 2011).…”

Section: Geographic Differentiation Among Ribotypessupporting

confidence: 89%

Using environmental niche models to test the ‘everything is everywhere’ hypothesis for Badhamia

et al. 2013

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It is often discussed whether the biogeography of free-living protists is better explained by the 'everything is everywhere'(EiE) hypothesis, which postulates that only ecology drives their distribution, or by the alternative hypothesis of 'moderate endemicity' in which geographic barriers can limit their dispersal. To formally test this, it would be necessary not only to find organisms restricted to a geographical area but also to check for their presence in any other place with a similar ecology. We propose the use of environmental niche models to generate and test null EiE distributions. Here we have analysed the distribution of 18S rDNA variants (ribotypes) of the myxomycete Badhamia melanospora (belonging to the protozoan phylum Amoebozoa) using 125 specimens from 91 localities. Two geographically structured groups of ribotypes congruent with slight morphological differences in the spores can be distinguished. One group comprises all populations from Argentina and Chile, and the other is formed by populations from North America together with human-introduced populations from other parts of the world. Environmental climatic niche models constructed separately for the two groups have significant differences, but show several overlapping areas. However, only specimens from one group were found in an intensively surveyed area in South America where both niche models overlap. It can be concluded that everything is not everywhere for B. melanospora. This taxon constitutes a complex formed by at least two cryptic species that probably diverged allopatrically in North and South America.

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Section: Geographic Differentiation Among Ribotypessupporting

confidence: 89%

Using environmental niche models to test the ‘everything is everywhere’ hypothesis for Badhamia

et al. 2013

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“…Species with aphanoplasmodia apparently have a similar system (Haskins 1990) but species with small protoplasmodia do not appear to undergo any type of plasmodial fusion (Haskins 1978). While this complex incompatibility system usually produces a situation in nature where most of the plasmodia in a region have diverse incompatibility phenotypes (ElHage et al 2000, Irawan et al 2000, in at least one case a single phenotype has been shown to occur broadly over several square kilometers and to have persisted for several years (Stephenson et al 2004). …”

Section: Plasmodial Coalescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Myxomycete plasmodial biology: a review

Clark¹

2015

Mycosphere

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The most characteristic stage of a myxomycete is the assimilative plasmodium, a naked free-living multinucleate motile mass of protoplasm which varies in size and morphological details with species. The plasmodium is formed from the amoeboflagellate stage by either of two methods which can be found within a particular species: by fusion of two haploid cells carrying different mating types to form a zygote, or by conversion of an apogamic diploid cell directly into a plasmodium. The plasmodium, which is generally covered by a slime sheath, is multinucleate and wall-less, and is therefore capable of movement which occurs by means of differential protoplasmic streaming. The larger plasmodial types (aphanoplasmodia and phaneroplasmodia) routinely form a reticulate structure where different regions of the plasmodia undergo a continuous cycle of separation and coalescence; therefore they also have a complex genetic system that prevents the fusion of genetically unrelated plasmodia. These plasmodia engulf bacteria, yeast and other organic matter, which they surround and digest in food vacuoles. Under adverse conditions (cold, drying) the plasmodium can form a resistant sclerotium which can revive and continue growth when conditions improve. However, the end point purpose of the plasmodium is sporulation with the production of spores and their germination to produce the alternate amoeboflagellate stage; which is generally triggered by the mature plasmodium undergoing starvation in the presence of light.

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“…It is now known that a number of the more common and widespread morphospecies actually consist of complexes of geographically restricted apomictic clonal lines (El Hage et al 2000;Clark 2000;Clark and Stephenson 2000;Irawan et al 2000). These genetically isolated lines are capable of independent evolution, which can lead to the accumulation Fig.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

From morphological to molecular: studies of myxomycetes since the publication of the Martin and Alexopoulos (1969) monograph

Stephenson

2011

Fungal Diversity

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Myxomycetes (plasmodial slime molds or myxogastrids) are a group of eukaryotic microorganisms usually present and sometimes abundant in terrestrial ecosystems. Because they produce aerial spore-bearing structures that resemble those of certain fungi and also typically occur in some of the same types of ecological situations as fungi, myxomycetes have been traditionally studied by mycologists, and this continued to be the case for the greater part of the twentieth century. However, there is now abundant molecular data to confirm that they are amoebozoans and not fungi. Efforts are currently underway to develop the first molecular phylogeny for myxomycetes, and several recent studies have used molecular techniques to detect the presence of these organisms in nature by means of direct environmental sampling.

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Biosystematics of the Physarum compressum Morphospecies

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Using environmental niche models to test the ‘everything is everywhere’ hypothesis for Badhamia

Using environmental niche models to test the ‘everything is everywhere’ hypothesis for Badhamia

Myxomycete plasmodial biology: a review

From morphological to molecular: studies of myxomycetes since the publication of the Martin and Alexopoulos (1969) monograph

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