Biotechnological development of Trichoderma-based formulations for biological control

Abstract

Trichoderma spp. are a genus of well-known fungi that promote healthy growth and modulate different functions in plants, as well as protect against various plant pathogens. The application of Trichoderma and its propagules as a biological control method can therefore help to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture. This review critically discusses and analyzes groundbreaking innovations over the past few decades of biotechnological approaches to prepare active formulations containing Trichoderma. The use of various carrier substances is covered, emphasizing their effects on enhancing the shelf life, viability, and efficacy of the final product formulation. Furthermore, the use of processing techniques such as freeze drying, fluidized bed drying, and spray drying are highlighted, enabling the development of stable, light-weight formulations. Finally, promising microencapsulation techniques for maximizing the performance of Trichoderma spp. during application processes are discussed, leading to the next-generation of multi-functional biological control formulations. Key points • The development of carrier substances to encapsulate Trichoderma propagules is highlighted. • Advances in biotechnological processes to prepare Trichoderma-containing formulations are critically discussed. • Current challenges and future outlook of Trichoderma-based formulations in the context of biological control are presented.

Fermentation of Trichoderma for biological control using local inputs in Costa Rica

“…It is important to determine the effect on the final product's quality, such as shelf life, spore concentration, and viability when evaluating alternative ingredient sources (Velivelli et al, 2014). Additionally, to improve stability and shelf life, carrier materials are evaluated for compatibility with Trichodermabased BCAs (Martinez et al, 2023). To achieve effective pathogen control in the field, a viable spore concentration for Trichoderma spp.-based products between 106 and 108 colony forming units per mL (CFU/mL) is recommended (Khan et al, 2011).…”

Influence of Foliar Treatment with Suspensions Rich in Trichoderma Chlamydospores on Momordica charantia Physiology, Yield, and Quality

“…The application of a 10 −8 cfu/mL suspension of T. harzianum TriH_JSB36 in a sterile talc mixture (1:10 v/w) to grape leaves promoted Plasmopara viticola biocontrol by priming grape defense responses [38]. Recently, it was suggested that oil-based formulations are important for foliar-applied products due to their ability to provide protection against UV radiation, enhance biocontrol activity, and promote better adhesion on the hydrophobic surface of the leaf cuticle [39].…”

Biocontrol potential of endophytic Bacillus subtilis A9 against rot disease of Morchella esculenta

“…Bacillus , Pantoea , Streptomyces , Trichoderma , Clonostachys , Pseudomonas , and Burkholderia spp. have been widely studied as biocontrol agents reported, and some have been commercialized ( Boro et al, 2022 ; Lahlali et al, 2022 ; Khan et al, 2023 ; Martinez et al, 2023 ). In some cases, biological control agents not only limit fungal diseases but also protect plants indirectly by triggering biochemical and molecular defense responses to a wide range of pathogens and by promoting plant growth ( Kohl et al, 2019 ; Legein et al, 2020 ; Elnahal et al, 2022 ).…”