Biotechnological production and potential applications of hypocrellins

Heat stress-induced NO enhanced perylenequinone biosynthesis of Shiraia sp. via calcium signaling pathway

“…As research into PQs deepens, their wide-ranging potential applications are gradually coming to light (Bao et al 2023 ; Khiralla et al 2022 ). However, these prospects are hindered by the limited natural stromal resources of S. bambusicola and H. bambusae (Wu et al 1989 ; Tong et al 2017 ).…”

“…Perylenequinones (PQs) represent a class of natural photosensitizing compounds characterized by a central structure of 4,9-dihydroxy-3,10-diphenyldione. They were originally isolated from the bamboo pathogenic fungi Shiraia bambusicola and Hypocrella bambusae (Bao et al 2023 ; Khiralla et al 2022 ; Mulrooey et al 2012 ). PQs have held a historical presence in Chinese folk medicine for centuries and were recognized for their effectiveness in addressing various skin disorders, gastric ailments, and rheumatoid arthritis (Liang et al 2009 ; Zhenjun and Lown 1990).…”

“…These characteristics render them potent contenders in realms such as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-viral applications (Al Subeh et al 2020 ; Xu et al 2023 ; Yang et al 2019 ). PQs not only hold promise within the pharmaceutical sector but also exhibit a diverse array of potential applications across agriculture, cosmetics, food, materials, and feed industries (Bao et al 2023 ; Su et al 2010 , 2011 ). These multifaceted utilities further underscore the significance of PQs in various contexts.…”

“…At present, the limited yield from the submerged fermentation (SmF) of Shiraia spp. falls short of meeting market demands, posing a challenge to scaling up PQ production (Bao et al 2023 ; Li et al 2006 ; Liu et al 2018a ; Xu et al 2023 ). Therefore, comprehending the biosynthetic pathway of PQs, streamlining production cycles, and enhancing production efficiency have emerged as pivotal factors in realizing PQ production through SmF (Bao et al 2023 ).…”

“…falls short of meeting market demands, posing a challenge to scaling up PQ production (Bao et al 2023 ; Li et al 2006 ; Liu et al 2018a ; Xu et al 2023 ). Therefore, comprehending the biosynthetic pathway of PQs, streamlining production cycles, and enhancing production efficiency have emerged as pivotal factors in realizing PQ production through SmF (Bao et al 2023 ). Over the recent years, a concerted effort from researchers has focused on identifying regulatory elements influencing the yield of Shiraia spp.…”