Biotechnology of Vanillin: Vanillin from Microbial Sources

Labuda, Ivica

doi:10.1002/9781444329353.ch19

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Fungal growth was obtained only when the organ was split open and when the interior of the organ exposed to PDA. 16 fungal genera were isolated from Holcoglossum plants which, like vanilla, are also members of the family Orchidaceae and the fungi belonged to three classes, Sordariomycetes , Dothideomycetes and Agaricomycetes [ 18 ]. In comparison, a high number of 21 fungal genera were isolated from vanilla plants in this study representing six classes (Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Pezizomycetes, Agaricomycetes, Zygomycetes; Table 3 ) with Sordariomycetes being the dominant class (60 %, 14/23 MOTUs).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal endophytes of Vanilla planifolia across Réunion Island: isolation, distribution and biotransformation

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe objective of the work was to characterize fungal endophytes from aerial parts of Vanilla planifolia. Also, to establish their biotransformation abilities of flavor-related metabolites. This was done in order to find a potential role of endophytes on vanilla flavors.ResultsTwenty three MOTUs were obtained, representing 6 fungal classes. Fungi from green pods were cultured on mature green pod based media for 30 days followed by 1H NMR and HPLC-DAD analysis. All fungi from pods consumed metabolized vanilla flavor phenolics. Though Fusarium proliferatum was recovered more often (37.6 % of the isolates), it is Pestalotiopsis microspora (3.0 %) that increased the absolute amounts (quantified by 1H NMR in μmol/g DW green pods) of vanillin (37.0 × 10−3), vanillyl alcohol (100.0 × 10−3), vanillic acid (9.2 × 10−3) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (87.9 × 10−3) by significant amounts.ConclusionsAll plants studied contained endophytic fungi and the isolation of the endophytes was conducted from plant organs at nine sites in Réunion Island including under shade house and undergrowth conditions. Endophytic variation occured between cultivation practices and the type of organ. Given the physical proximity of fungi inside pods, endophytic biotransformation may contribute to the complexity of vanilla flavors.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0522-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal endophytes of Vanilla planifolia across Réunion Island: isolation, distribution and biotransformation

et al. 2015

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“…Developing enzymes for the conversion of lignin to vanillin would be of particular interest as vanillin is the most important lignin degradation product due to its large-scale use in the food, flavour and cosmetic industries. Induction of the putative E. coli promoter used in our biosensor is vanillin specific and no vanillin analogue or non-specific toxic chemical (like acrylic acid) can induce the expression of the vGFP gene under the control of this promoter, which is particularly interesting considering the absence of a known vanillin metabolism pathway in native E. coli [ 43 ]. However, vanillin’s mode of antimicrobial activity may explain this ambiguity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a genetically programed vanillin-sensing bacterium for high-throughput screening of lignin-degrading enzyme libraries

Sana

Chia

Raghavan

et al. 2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Lignin is a potential biorefinery feedstock for the production of value-added chemicals including vanillin. A huge amount of lignin is produced as a by-product of the paper industry, while cellulosic components of plant biomass are utilized for the production of paper pulp. In spite of vast potential, lignin remains the least exploited component of plant biomass due to its extremely complex and heterogenous structure. Several enzymes have been reported to have lignin-degrading properties and could be potentially used in lignin biorefining if their catalytic properties could be improved by enzyme engineering. The much needed improvement of lignin-degrading enzymes by high-throughput selection techniques such as directed evolution is currently limited, as robust methods for detecting the conversion of lignin to desired small molecules are not available.ResultsWe identified a vanillin-inducible promoter by RNAseq analysis of Escherichia coli cells treated with a sublethal dose of vanillin and developed a genetically programmed vanillin-sensing cell by placing the ‘very green fluorescent protein’ gene under the control of this promoter. Fluorescence of the biosensing cell is enhanced significantly when grown in the presence of vanillin and is readily visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The use of fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis further enhances the sensitivity, enabling dose-dependent detection of as low as 200 µM vanillin. The biosensor is highly specific to vanillin and no major response is elicited by the presence of lignin, lignin model compound, DMSO, vanillin analogues or non-specific toxic chemicals.ConclusionsWe developed an engineered E. coli cell that can detect vanillin at a concentration as low as 200 µM. The vanillin-sensing cell did not show cross-reactivity towards lignin or major lignin degradation products including vanillin analogues. This engineered E. coli cell could potentially be used as a host cell for screening lignin-degrading enzymes that can convert lignin to vanillin.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0720-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Currently it ranges between US$1,200 and US$4,000 per kilogram, while artificial vanillin falls between $11 and $15 per kilogram (Gallage & Møller, 2018). These two markets remain essentially separate because the complex flavours in natural vanilla cannot be chemically synthesised (Labuda, 2011). With the global supply of natural vanilla stable at around 2,000,000…”

Section: Vanillinfrom Natural To Chemical To Biosynthetic Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential impact of synthetic animal protein on livestock production: The new “war against agriculture”?

Burton

2019

Journal of Rural Studies

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Biotechnology of Vanillin: Vanillin from Microbial Sources

Cited by 6 publications

References 76 publications

Fungal endophytes of Vanilla planifolia across Réunion Island: isolation, distribution and biotransformation

Fungal endophytes of Vanilla planifolia across Réunion Island: isolation, distribution and biotransformation

Development of a genetically programed vanillin-sensing bacterium for high-throughput screening of lignin-degrading enzyme libraries

The potential impact of synthetic animal protein on livestock production: The new “war against agriculture”?

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