Biotic and Abiotic Constraints in Mungbean Production—Progress in Genetic Improvement

Abstract

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata] is an important food and cash legume crop in Asia. Development of short duration varieties has paved the way for the expansion of mungbean into other regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and South America. Mungbean productivity is constrained by biotic and abiotic factors. Bruchids, whitefly, thrips, stem fly, aphids, and pod borers are the major insect-pests. The major diseases of mungbean are yellow mosaic, anthracnose, powdery mildew, Cercospora leaf spot, halo blight, bacterial leaf spot, and tan spot. Key abiotic stresses affecting mungbean production are drought, waterlogging, salinity, and heat stress. Mungbean breeding has been critical in developing varieties with resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, but there are many constraints still to address that include the precise and accurate identification of resistance source(s) for some of the traits and the traits conferred by multi genes. Latest technologies in phenotyping, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics could be of great help to understand insect/pathogen-plant, plant-environment interactions and the key components responsible for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review discusses current biotic and abiotic constraints in mungbean production and the challenges in genetic improvement.

Assessment of Nitrogen Fixation by Mungbean Genotypes in Different Soil Textures Using 15N Natural Abundance Method

“…Mungbean is a short-duration legume crop widely grown in arid and semiarid environments of the tropics. It is cultivated on more than 7 million ha and has recently experienced yield increases due to the development of varieties with short and synchronous maturity, higher yield, and greater disease resistance (Nair et al 2019). Potential mungbean yields between 2.5 and 3.0 Mg ha −1 have been recently reported, but lower yields of up to 0.5 Mg ha −1 have also been observed in field conditions, particularly in smallholder cropping systems (Diatta et al 2019;Pandey et al 2018).…”

Effect of different plant extracts and nanoparticles on Thrips tabaci (Lind.) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) under field conditions and their allelopathic potential on the onion, Allium cepa L. using bioassays and RAPD analysis

“…Random amplification polymorphism DNA PCR (RAPD-PCR) could be a good technique for the rapid identification of genetic changes on the molecular level (Qari 2010). RAPD-PCR has also been used to determine variations in the T. tabaci genome (Ramakrishnan et al 2019). Moreover, plants offer a different and alternative source of insect biocontrol agents, as they contain a wide range of bioactive materials, and many of such compounds are selective or have no harmful effects on nontargeted organisms as well as the environment, unlike synthetic insecticides.…”

Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) of Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek): Current Status and Management Opportunities

“…Mungbean is being cultivated across a wide range of latitudes (40 N or S) covering tropical and sub - tropical regions of the world and is suitably adapted to a range of cropping systems ( ). Globally, mungbean is being grown in over 7.0 million ha area, yielding 3.5 million tons of grains mainly from Asia but spreading to other parts of the world ( Nair et al, 2019 ). The major mungbean growing countries include India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Indonesia, Australia, and the Philippines ( Alam et al, 2014b ).…”