Biotic and abiotic factors influencing the initial growth of Eucalyptus within agrosilvopastoral systems in the Brazilian Cerrado

The exploitation of resources by Trigona spinipes bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae) in Eucalyptus cloeziana (Myrtaceae) trees in an integrated crop-livestock-forest system

“…Among the phytosanitary problems associated with E. cloeziana causing damage economic factors include lepidopteran defoliators (Ghiotto et al, 2023), termites, ants, bees (Barbosa et al, 2022) and sap-suckings insects (Menezes et al, 2012).…”

“…Study carried out by Barbosa et al (2022) reported that biotic factors, including T. spinipes bee attack during initial growth, caused damage to the stem and branches in E. cloeziana. According to Boiça Junior et al ( 2004), the T. spinipes bee is preferentially interested in species with a high concentration of resins, and its attack is concentrated on the apical bud, stem, trunks and branches, where the resin is extracted and used in construction of the nests.…”