Biotic and Environmental Origins of the Southeast Asian Marine Biodiversity Hotspot: The Throughflow Project

Johnson, Kenneth G.; Hasibuan, Fauzie; Müller, Wolfgang; Todd, Jonathan A.

doi:10.2110/palo.2014.103

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This is a similar latitudinal position present day Borneo, in the Indo-Pacific Coral Triangle, where coral biodiversity reaches its maximum (more than 700 species in 17 families of scleractinians, Hughes et al, 2013;Johnson et al, 2015). Of course the 700 species occur in a wide area of several thousands of square kilometres, but diversity does not decrease in a linear way when area decreases.…”

Section: Rugose Coral Faunasupporting

confidence: 66%

Royseux: a palaeobiodiversity hotspot in the Late Viséan (Carboniferous) of Belgium

Denayer¹,

Aretz²,

Poty³

et al. 2016

Geol. Belg.

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ABSTRACT. Biodiversity hotspots are defined as areas of unusually high biological diversity. This definition is less clear for palaeohotspots but the Royseux locality in Southern Belgium is interpreted as such a site because of the large number of coral species that co-occur within a small area and short time interval. Forty-one species (29 genera) of rugose, tabulate and heterocorallia corals are known within a 6 m-thick 4 th order parasequence (100 kyr). These numbers increase to 50 species in 30 genera if the entire succession is considered. Consequently, Royseux is regarded as the richest site for late Viséan coral diversity on a global scale. Comparison with other sites from Spain, Morocco, the British Isles, and eastern Australia confirms this view. The diversity of brachiopods (at least 18 species within 16 genera) and other invertebrates is also assessed. The great palaeobiodiversity is tentatively explained by the interplay of several global and local causes, including high late Viséan biodiversity at the global scale associated with tectonically and sedimentarydriven micro-environment differentiation. Conversely, the Royseux locality has yielded few endemic taxa.

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Section: Rugose Coral Faunasupporting

confidence: 66%

Royseux: a palaeobiodiversity hotspot in the Late Viséan (Carboniferous) of Belgium

Denayer¹,

Aretz²,

Poty³

et al. 2016

Geol. Belg.

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“…Where the Pacific, Australian, and Eurasian tectonic plates meet, long archipelagos, shallow carbonate platforms, and oceanic trenches of the Indo-Australian Coral Triangle host a diversity hotspot for many marine clades, including corals, benthic foraminifera, reef fishes, and mollusks [55]. Strong depth gradients, complex ocean currents, and large islands provide high habitat diversity and barriers to dispersal, even for many species with plankto-trophic larvae.…”

Section: Topographic Complexity and High Diversity In Other Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity and Topographic Complexity: Modern and Geohistorical Perspectives

Badgley

Smiley

Terry

et al. 2017

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

220

170

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Topographically complex regions on land and in the oceans feature hotspots of biodiversity that reflect geological influences on ecological and evolutionary processes. Over geologic time, topographic diversity gradients wax and wane over millions of years, tracking tectonic or climatic history. Topographic diversity gradients from the present day and the past can result from the generation of species by vicariance or from the accumulation of species from dispersal into a region with strong environmental gradients. Biological and geological approaches must be integrated to test alternative models of diversification along topographic gradients. Reciprocal illumination among phylogenetic, phylogeographic, ecological, paleontological, tectonic, and climatic perspectives is an emerging frontier of biogeographic research.

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“…However, these new IAA coral formations may not have been as we see them today. Fossil evidence is increasingly pointing to mesophotic corals playing an important role in the early-mid Cenozoic (Wallace & Rosen, 2006;Mihaljević et al, 2014;Johnson et al, 2015;Santodomingo et al, 2015;Wilson, 2015). In most cases, the low light conditions (hence mesophotic) are considered to be a result of turbidity in relatively shallow water rather than as a result of depth.…”

Section: (3) Phase 5: a Modern Coral Reef Emerges (34-53 Ma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, it may be that reef flats were not a common habitat prior to the Miocene. From the Cretaceous and throughout the early Cenozoic corals did not aggregate and build extensive reef systems as we see them today, despite the presence of modern coral genera, multiserial growth forms, high diversities and a strong likelihood of many zooxanthellate forms (Wood, 1999;Zamagni et al, 2012;Papazzoni et al, 2014b;Johnson et al, 2015). It has even been suggested that corals, especially in the IAA biodiversity hotspot, only colonized shallow reef areas in relatively recent times, although the timing is unclear (Mihaljević et al, 2014).…”

Section: (B) An Increase In the Range Of Habitats Occupied By Corals mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We now have a deeper understanding of the changes in the location and extent of coral-bearing hardgrounds through time (Kiessling, 2009), the nature and extent of coral outcrops (Wilson & Rosen, 1998;Kiessling, Aberhan & Villier, 2008;Johnson et al, 2015;Wilson, 2015), and the origins of many coral growth forms within the Acroporidae, the family which numerically dominates modern coral reefs (Wallace & Rosen, 2006). This information has recently been supplemented by molecular phylogenies (Kerr, 2005;Fukami et al, 2008;Huang & Roy, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolution of fishes and corals on reefs: form, function and interdependence

2016

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Coral reefs are renowned for their spectacular biodiversity and the close links between fishes and corals. Despite extensive fossil records and common biogeographic histories, the evolution of these two key groups has rarely been considered together. We therefore examine recent advances in molecular phylogenetics and palaeoecology, and place the evolution of fishes and corals in a functional context. In critically reviewing the available fossil and phylogenetic evidence, we reveal a marked congruence in the evolution of the two groups. Despite one group consisting of swimming vertebrates and the other colonial symbiotic invertebrates, fishes and corals have remarkably similar evolutionary histories. In the Paleocene and Eocene [66-34 million years ago (Ma)] most modern fish and coral families were present, and both were represented by a wide range of functional morphotypes. However, there is little evidence of diversification at this time. By contrast, in the Oligocene and Miocene (34-5.3 Ma), both groups exhibited rapid lineage diversification. There is also evidence of increasing reef area, occupation of new habitats, increasing coral cover, and potentially, increasing fish abundance. Functionally, the Oligocene-Miocene is marked by the appearance of new fish and coral taxa associated with high-turnover fast-growth ecosystems and the colonization of reef flats. It is in this period that the functional characteristics of modern coral reefs were established. Most species, however, only arose in the last 5.3 million years (Myr; Plio-Pleistocene), with the average age of fish species being 5.3 Myr, and corals just 1.9 Myr. While these species are genetically distinct, phenotypic differences are often limited to variation in colour or minor morphological features. This suggests that the rapid increase in biodiversity during the last 5.3 Myr was not matched by changes in ecosystem function. For reef fishes, colour appears to be central to recent diversification. However, the presence of pigment patterns in the Eocene suggests that colour may not have driven recent diversification. Furthermore, the lack of functional changes in fishes or corals over the last 5 Myr raises questions over the role and importance of biodiversity in shaping the future of coral reefs.

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Biotic and Environmental Origins of the Southeast Asian Marine Biodiversity Hotspot: The Throughflow Project

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

Royseux: a palaeobiodiversity hotspot in the Late Viséan (Carboniferous) of Belgium

Royseux: a palaeobiodiversity hotspot in the Late Viséan (Carboniferous) of Belgium

Biodiversity and Topographic Complexity: Modern and Geohistorical Perspectives

The evolution of fishes and corals on reefs: form, function and interdependence

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