Biotic Recovery from the End-Permian Mass Extinction: Behavior of the Inarticulate Brachiopod Lingula as a Disaster Taxon

Adaptive strategies and environmental significance of lingulid brachiopods across the late Permian extinction

“…In contrast, the Linguliformea, represented in the late Palaeozoic by the order Lingulida (or lingulids herein), are characterized by inarticulate organophosphatic stratiform shell. The lingulids seems to pass through this extinction without losses, becoming very abundant in the beds located just above the extinction peak, when the marine ecosystems show the most stressed and hostile environmental conditions (e.g., Broglio Loriga et al, 1980;Xu and Grant, 1992;Rodland and Bottjer 2001;Peng et al 2007). Therefore, the lingulids have been considered as "disaster species" (Rodland and Bottjer, 2001) or "ecological opportunists" (Zonneveld et al, 2007).…”

“…The lingulids seems to pass through this extinction without losses, becoming very abundant in the beds located just above the extinction peak, when the marine ecosystems show the most stressed and hostile environmental conditions (e.g., Broglio Loriga et al, 1980;Xu and Grant, 1992;Rodland and Bottjer 2001;Peng et al 2007). Therefore, the lingulids have been considered as "disaster species" (Rodland and Bottjer, 2001) or "ecological opportunists" (Zonneveld et al, 2007). The great abundance and cosmopolitan distribution of the lingulids during the earliest Triassic are related to their wide tolerance towards fluctuations of oxygen, temperature, and acidity.…”

Evolution and Geological Significance of Larger Benthic Foraminifera

“…Recovery was very slow for foraminifera, and ecological recovery was delayed until the middle Olenekian. The start of the Triassic was characterised by extremely impoverished taxa, dominated by opportunists and generalists (Rodland and Bottjer, 2001). Many genera which seemed to have disappeared at the PalaeozoicMesozoic boundary remained hidden, possibly in geographically restricted environments, before returning as "Lazarus" taxa in the Olenekian or Middle to Late Triassic.…”

Interdependence of specialization and biodiversity in Phanerozoic marine invertebrates

“…On the basis of these observations a relationship between diversity and specialization has been hypothesized 14,17,18 . Evidence for such a relationship is, however, only anecdotal and mainly restricted to times of low global biodiversity in the immediate aftermath of mass extinctions 16,19 . Little is known about the general validity of a relationship between diversity and specialization and about the underlying abiotic or biotic causes.…”