Biotic Recovery from the End-Permian Mass Extinction: Behavior of the Inarticulate Brachiopod Lingula as a Disaster Taxon

Rodland, David L.; Bottjer, David J.

doi:10.1669/0883-1351(2001)016<0095:brftep>2.0.co;2

Cited by 140 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Riding 2005). Microbialites in this concept are seen as opportunists that brieXy proliferate in the aftermath of mass extinctions until they are suppressed again by specialist taxa (Rodland and Bottjer 2001). However, Flügel and Kiessling (2002, p. 698) emphasized that for major faunal turnover events in Earth's history, microbialites as disaster forms appear to be rather the exception than the rule-only four out of 11 major reef crises feature development of microbialites instead of metazoans.…”

Section: Growth Rates Of Microbial Crustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of microbialites as contemporaneous framework components of deglacial coral reefs, Tahiti (IODP 310)

Westphal

Heindel

Brandano

et al. 2009

Facies

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Deglacial reefs from Tahiti (IODP 310) feature a co-occurrence of zooxanthellate corals with microbialites that compose up to 80 vol% of the reef framework. The notion that microbialites tend to form in more nutrient-rich environments has previously led to the concept that such encrustations are considerably younger than the coral framework, and that they have formed in deeper storeys of the reef edifice, or that they represent severe disturbances of the reef ecosystem. As indicated by their repetitive interbedding with coralline red algae, the microbialites of this reef succession of Tahiti, however, formed immediately after coral growth under photic conditions. Clearly, the deglacial reef microbialites present in the IODP 310 cores did not follow disturbances such as drowning or suffocation by terrestrial material, and are not "disaster forms". Given that the corals and the microbialites developed in close spatial proximity, highly elevated nutrient levels caused by fluvial or groundwater transport from the volcanic hinterland are an unlikely cause for the exceptionally voluminous development of microbialites. That voluminous deglacial reef microbialites generally are restricted to volcanic islands, however, implies that moderately, and possibly episodically elevated nutrient levels favored this type of microbialite formation

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Section: Growth Rates Of Microbial Crustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of microbialites as contemporaneous framework components of deglacial coral reefs, Tahiti (IODP 310)

Westphal

Heindel

Brandano

et al. 2009

Facies

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“…Reworked bioclasts of foraminifers and algae occur constantly, increasing in abundance in the lowermost Tesero Mbr. brachiopod, common in the Lower Triassic marine formations throughout the world (Broglio Loriga et al, 1980;Xu and Grant, 1992), is considered a disaster taxon (Rodland and Bottjer, 2001). The Lingula specimens of the Mazzin Mbr are characterized by small shells, less than half the size of specimens in the Siusi Mbr (Broglio Loriga et al, 1980).…”

Section: Werfen Fm: Upper Mazzin Mbr (Changhsingian-induan)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and biotic changes across the Permian–Triassic boundary in western Tethys: The Bulla parastratotype, Italy

Farabegoli¹,

Perri²,

Posenato

2007

Global and Planetary Change

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“…Lingulid fossils are found in many Permian-Triassic (shallow) marine sections (e.g. Peng et al, 2007) and the lowering of salinities in shallow marine settings and spreading anoxia provided ecological space for the lingulids (Peng et al, 2007;Rodland and Bottjer, 2001). It has been suggested that rising seawater temperatures in the Tethys resulted in strengthened monsoonal activity (e.g.…”

Section: Sea-level and Salinity Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity changes and anoxia resulting from enhanced run-off during the late Permian global warming and mass extinction event

2018

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Abstract. The late Permian biotic crisis had a major impact on marine and terrestrial environments. Rising CO 2 levels following Siberian Trap volcanic activity were likely responsible for expanding marine anoxia and elevated water temperatures. This study focuses on one of the stratigraphically most expanded Permian-Triassic records known, from Jameson Land, East Greenland. High-resolution sampling allows for a detailed reconstruction of the changing environmental conditions during the extinction event and the development of anoxic water conditions. Since very little is known about how salinity was affected during the extinction event, we especially focus on the aquatic palynomorphs and infer changes in salinity from changes in the assemblage and morphology. The start of the extinction event, here defined by a peak in spore : pollen, indicating disturbance and vegetation destruction in the terrestrial environment, postdates a negative excursion in the total organic carbon, but predates the development of anoxia in the basin. Based on the newest estimations for sedimentation rates, the marine and terrestrial ecosystem collapse took between 1.6 and 8 kyr, a much shorter interval than previously estimated. The palynofacies and palynomorph records show that the environmental changes can be explained by enhanced run-off and increased primary productivity and water column stratification. A lowering in salinity is supported by changes in the acritarch morphology. The length of the processes of the acritarchs becomes shorter during the extinction event and we propose that these changes are evidence for a reduction in salinity in the shallow marine setting of the study site. This inference is supported by changes in acritarch distribution, which suggest a change in palaeoenvironment from open marine conditions before the start of the extinction event to more nearshore conditions during and after the crisis. In a period of sea-level rise, such a reduction in salinity can only be explained by increased run-off. High amounts of both terrestrial and marine organic fragments in the first anoxic layers suggest that high run-off, increased nutrient availability, possibly in combination with soil erosion, are responsible for the development of anoxia in the basin. Enhanced run-off could result from changes in the hydrological cycle during the late Permian extinction event, which is a likely consequence of global warming. In addition, vegetation destruction and soil erosion may also have resulted in enhanced run-off. Salinity stratification could potentially explain the development of anoxia in other shallow marine sites. The input of freshwater and related changes in coastal salinity could also have implications for the interpretation of oxygen isotope records and seawater temperature reconstructions at some sites.

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Biotic Recovery from the End-Permian Mass Extinction: Behavior of the Inarticulate Brachiopod Lingula as a Disaster Taxon

Cited by 140 publications

References 28 publications

Genesis of microbialites as contemporaneous framework components of deglacial coral reefs, Tahiti (IODP 310)

Genesis of microbialites as contemporaneous framework components of deglacial coral reefs, Tahiti (IODP 310)

Environmental and biotic changes across the Permian–Triassic boundary in western Tethys: The Bulla parastratotype, Italy

Salinity changes and anoxia resulting from enhanced run-off during the late Permian global warming and mass extinction event

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