Biotic resistance and the spatiotemporal distribution of an invading woodwasp, Sirex noctilio

Foelker, Christopher J.; Parry, Dylan; Fierke, Melissa K.

doi:10.1007/s10530-018-1673-8

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Specifically, our objectives were to (1) document the potential natural enemies and competitors interacting with Sirex noctilio in a stand of northeastern USA Pinus resinosa; (2) test whether Sirex attack of healthy pines attracted responses from these antagonists; (3) test for density dependence in co-occurrence patterns with native predators and competitors, which would indicate the potential for population regulation; and (4) experimentally assess the strength of interspecific competition between fungal symbionts of the woodwasp and native bark beetles. This study adds to a growing literature documenting interactions with parasitoids and fungal competition (Ryan et al 2012, Haavik et al 2015, Foelker 2016, Lombardero et al 2016, Williams and Hajek 2017, Foelker et al 2018, while documenting significant density-dependent impacts of intraguild predators for the first time. Altogether, this research provides evidence for multiple pathways of biotic resistance consistent with observed impacts of the Sirex woodwasp in North American pine forests, which have been less severe than observed in the Southern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…, Foelker et al. ). Although we did not investigate variation in host species susceptibility, Sirex is capable of colonizing and surviving in at least twenty species of pine, most of which are native to North America (Slippers et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Williams and Hajek , Foelker et al. ), while documenting significant density‐dependent impacts of intraguild predators for the first time. Altogether, this research provides evidence for multiple pathways of biotic resistance consistent with observed impacts of the Sirex woodwasp in North American pine forests, which have been less severe than observed in the Southern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Alternative hypotheses may explain the muted early invasive impact in North America, including variation in host tree attributes and stand management practices (Dodds et al 2010). Studies of variation in tree susceptibility and Sirex performance among species conclude there are no innately resistant, susceptible, or clearly preferred host species among those tested in North America and Europe (Ayres et al 2014, Lombardero et al 2016, Foelker et al 2018). Although we did not investigate variation in host species susceptibility, Sirex is capable of colonizing and surviving in at least twenty species of pine, most of which are native to North America (Slippers et al 2012).…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community resistance to an invasive forest insect–fungus mutualism

2019

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Antagonistic species interactions may prevent introduced species from becoming invasive in novel geographic ranges. Within mutualisms, resistance to any partner can impact the mutualism as a whole. Larvae of the globally invasive Sirex woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) complete their development in the sapwood of Pinus spp. (Pinaceae) only in the presence of the fungus, Amylostereum areolatum (Basidiomycota). In the Southern Hemisphere where Pinus are introduced, Sirex noctilio is an outbreak invasive pest, but in North America where Pinus is indigenous it has not irrupted to economic levels 15+ yr since introduction. To test the biotic resistance hypothesis, we characterized the arthropod community attracted to and co‐infesting Pinus resinosa trees at the geographic frontier of its introduced North American range, quantified antagonistic interactions observed within trees, and assayed competition of fungal species under laboratory conditions. A suite of potential natural enemies and competitors inhabited Sirex‐infested P. resinosa trees. Trees experimentally exposed to ovipositing Sirex noctilio females and to physical wounding attracted greater numbers of saprophagous beetles (Cerambycidae: Xylotrechus sagittatus and Curculionidae: Ips pini) and parasitoid wasps (Ichneumonidae: Ibalia leucospoides) compared to undamaged controls. Recruitment of Xylotrechus and Ibalia was positively related to numbers of oviposition scars left by Sirex females. Within xylem tissue, abundant Xylotrechus larvae killed and consumed more than 10% of Sirex larvae. This facultative intraguild predation was positively density‐dependent but nonlinear, with a unimodal peak at intermediate Sirex density. Sirex density in xylem was weakly, negatively related to Ips bark beetle density, suggesting potential competition between fungal associates (Ascomycota: Ophiostoma ips) for sapwood resources. Benchtop experiments in natural and artificial media supported the hypothesis of competition between Ips and Sirex fungal associates, with faster growth and competitive dominance of the bluestain fungus under most scenarios tested. Altogether, this study provides evidence for multiple mechanisms of biotic resistance, whereby a resident community reduces survival or performance of both an invasive insect and its fungal mutualist.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Community resistance to an invasive forest insect–fungus mutualism

2019

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“…and S. noctilio for declining/recently dead trees is well documented (Hopkins, ; Gebeyehu & Wingfield, ; Wermelinger & Thomsen, ), although the precise physiological state of trees preferred for oviposition or that are optimal for larval development may differ among insects specializing on declining or stressed trees. Accordingly, mixed (negative or neutral) co‐colonization patterns were observed between S. noctilio and bark and wood boring beetles at tree and stand level in North America, which was attributed to differences in tree preferences by different insect species (Foelker et al , ). Interestingly, S. noctilio co‐occurred nonrandomly with Tomicus sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local antagonism and resource partitioning between two invasive pine plantation pests

Wondafrash

Slippers

Hurley

et al. 2019

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius, native to Eurasia and North Africa, regularly co-occurs with a North American origin Pissodes sp. on Pinus trees in South Africa. The nature of this co-occurrence and potential impacts on either of the species is unknown. 2 Using structured sampling, we investigated the pattern and degree of co-occurrence of S. noctilio and Pissodes sp. in six sites in P. patula plantations in South Africa aiming to better understand the potential for interactions and population-level feedbacks. We compared density, adult body size and within-tree distribution of both insect species in trees where they co-occurred or occurred singly. 3 Sirex noctilio and Pissodes sp. co-occurred on 68.0 ± 3.8% of infested trees (range 55-80%). Both insect species were more abundant in trees where they occurred alone relative to co-inhabited trees. 4 The within-tree distribution of S. noctilio did not differ in the presence of Pissodes sp.;however, in the presence of S. noctilio, Pissodes sp. were more frequent in the bottom than the middle tree section where S. noctilio was at higher density and this could be an indication of resource partitioning. Body size of S. noctilio and Pissodes sp. was not influenced by co-occurrence. 5 The results obtained in the present study suggest a broad overlap for both insects in preference for stressed trees in similar states of decline, as well as moderate antagonism between the species leading to lower emergence of both species in shared trees. The influence of S. noctilio on Pissodes sp. population densities may still be a net positive at a landscape scale because Pissodes sp. prefers declining or recently dead trees that are readily created by S. noctilio via attacks on healthy trees.

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A comparison of the establishment success, response to competition, and community impact of invasive and non-invasive Gambusia species

2019

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How an invader responds to the novel biotic elements of a new community will affect its ability to invade. Species that are able to cope well with novel competitors might be expected to achieve greater establishment success. We compared the population-level responses of two mosquitofish species, the widespread invader Gambusia affinis and non-invasive G. geiseri to competition from each other and a non-invasive competitor. We simulated the invasion of a simplified pond community by introducing different combinations of the Gambusia spp. into communities already inhabited by a novel competitor, the red shiner Cyprenella lutrensis. We measured the effect of competition on establishment success by comparing population abundances achieved by each Gambusia species in all treatments, and examined whether the invasive and non-invasive Gambusia differed in their community impact by comparing their effects on the abundances of pond fauna. We also used N and C stable isotope analysis to compare their trophic roles. Both novel and intrageneric competition negatively affected both Gambusia spp.'s abundances, but the invasive G. affinis managed to remain more abundant than G. geiseri regardless of competition treatment. Stable isotope analysis revealed the Gambusia spp. to have similar trophic placement and showed competition to cause significant trophic shifts only in G. geiseri. A cascading effect (reduced phytoplankton abundances) was detected only when G. affinis was present. These results suggest that a higher vulnerability to novel competition along with life history traits contributes to the limited spread of G. geiseri in comparison to the widespread G. affinis.

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Biotic resistance and the spatiotemporal distribution of an invading woodwasp, Sirex noctilio

Cited by 9 publications

References 84 publications

Community resistance to an invasive forest insect–fungus mutualism

Community resistance to an invasive forest insect–fungus mutualism

Local antagonism and resource partitioning between two invasive pine plantation pests

A comparison of the establishment success, response to competition, and community impact of invasive and non-invasive Gambusia species

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