Biotite as an indicator of post-eruptive cryptic alteration in the Battleship Rock Ignimbrite, Valles Caldera, NM, USA

Wolff, J. A.; Neukampf, Julia

doi:10.1007/s00445-022-01609-w

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 66 publications

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“…The different trends identified in the K 2 O vs. CaO plot (Fig. S5) could be ascribed to variable degrees of interaction between the fluids and the deposit in the different portions of the ignimbrite as proposed by Wolff and Neukampf (2022) for the Battleship Rock Ignimbrite (Valles Caldera, USA). More mineralogical and geochemical investigations would be needed to provide a definitive interpretation.…”

Section: Mechanisms and Timescales Of Cumulate Mush Remobilizationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Remobilization and eruption of an upper crustal cumulate mush: the Singkut caldera (North Sumatra, Indonesia)

Forni

Oalmann

Fellin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Understanding the conditions and timescales of storage and remobilization of magma bodies in the upper crust is key to interpret the signals of potential reawakening of the volcanic activity at active volcanic systems.&#160;In this study we provide the first volcanological and petrological characterization of the Singkut volcanic system located in northern Sumatra, ~35 km N of the Toba caldera and ~40 km SW of the major city of Medan.&#160;Singkut is a ~9 km diameter caldera delimited by ~300 m-high rims where pre-caldera lavas are exposed. The inner part of the collapsed structure is occupied by three post-caldera volcanoes and currently hosts an active geothermal field. We utilize field observations and correlation with a distal marine tephra layer to map the extension and thickness of the tuff erupted during the caldera-forming eruption and use these data to estimate the erupted magma volume. We use major and trace element data of bulk-rock, matrix glasses and minerals to characterize the pre-eruptive conditions of pre- and post-caldera lavas and caldera-forming tuff and 14C and U/Th-He zircon dating to determine the eruption ages. In addition, a combination of U/Th and U/Pb in-situ zircon dating and zircon trace element geochemistry provides insights into the mechanisms and timescales that led to the Singkut caldera-forming eruption and those that controlled the post-caldera activity.&#160;Our data show that Singkut caldera formed ~50 ka during a large explosive eruption that deposited ~60 km3 of pyroclastic material. The cataclysmic eruption was preceded by at least 200 ky of mostly effusive pre-caldera activity and followed by effusive and mildly explosive post-caldera activity, with the last eruption reported at 1881 AD. The lavas and pumices have high crystallinity (24-62% crystals) and contain pl+amph+bt+opx+Fe-Ti ox+ap+zr&#177;qtz. Notably, large and strongly resorbed quartz crystals are abundant in the pre-caldera lavas and scarce or absent in the caldera-forming tuff and post-caldera lavas. Bulk-rock composition of pumices and lavas varies from andesitic to dacitic, while the matrix glass in the pumices is rhyolitic. Trace element composition of glass (e.g., positive Eu anomalies) indicate resorption of feldspars. Crystallization ages of the youngest zircons in pre-caldera lavas overlap with eruption ages (~250 ka) while crystallization ages of the youngest zircons in the caldera-forming tuff and post-caldera lavas are significantly older (~100 ka) than the eruption ages (~50 and ~16 ka, respectively). Ti-in-zircon thermometry combined with zircon geochronology show that the Singkut magma body experienced a heating phase which started approximately upon eruption of the pre-caldera lavas and continued at least until the eruption of the post-caldera lavas. Such prolonged heating event determined progressive melting of the least refractory mineral phases (mostly quartz and feldspars) and hampered zircon crystallization for ~50 ky before the caldera-forming eruption and ~80 ky before the effusion of the post-caldera lavas. Heating was likely due to an increase of the recharge flux in the magma reservoir which reduced the crystallinity of the crystal mush and promoted remobilization and eruption of the Singkut magma body.

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Section: Mechanisms and Timescales Of Cumulate Mush Remobilizationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Remobilization and eruption of an upper crustal cumulate mush: the Singkut caldera (North Sumatra, Indonesia)

Forni

Oalmann

Fellin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Geochemical behaviour of biotite during interaction with aqueous and brine fluids: Constraints from hydrothermal batch experiments

Repczyńska,

Molina,

Cambeses

et al. 2025

Chemical Geology

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Remobilization and eruption of an upper crustal cumulate mush at the Singkut caldera (North Sumatra, Indonesia)

Forni,

Phua,

Bernard

et al. 2024

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Biotite as an indicator of post-eruptive cryptic alteration in the Battleship Rock Ignimbrite, Valles Caldera, NM, USA

Cited by 4 publications

References 66 publications

Remobilization and eruption of an upper crustal cumulate mush: the Singkut caldera (North Sumatra, Indonesia)

Remobilization and eruption of an upper crustal cumulate mush: the Singkut caldera (North Sumatra, Indonesia)

Geochemical behaviour of biotite during interaction with aqueous and brine fluids: Constraints from hydrothermal batch experiments

Remobilization and eruption of an upper crustal cumulate mush at the Singkut caldera (North Sumatra, Indonesia)

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