Biotoxic effects of the herbicides on growth, seed yield, and grain protein of greengram

Abstract

ABSTRACT:We studied the effects of atrazine, isoproturon, metribuzin and sulfosulfuron on plant vigour, nodulation, chlorophyll content, seed yield and protein content in seeds, in greengram inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna). The pre-emergence application of the four herbicides at 400 µg kg -1 of soil adversely affected the measured parameters. The average maximum increase of 10 % in seed yield occurred at 200 µg kg -1 of sulfosulfuron, while atrazine at 200 and 400 µg kg -1 of soil decreased the seed yield by 25 % and 40%, respectively. The average maximum chlorophyll content of 1.2 mg g -1 was obtained at 200 µg kg -1 of sulfosulfuron which declined consistently for all herbicides and increasing dose rates. Sulfosulfuron at 200 µg kg -1 increased the number of nodules found per plant by 7 % at 45 days after seeding the greengram. In contrast, the tested dose rates of atrazine, isoproturon and metribuzin significantly reduced the nodulation (nodule number and dry mass). The average maximum grain protein of 182 mg g -1 was obtained for sulfosulfuron at 400 µg kg -1 , while minimum grain protein was obtained at 400 µg kg -1-of isoproturon (124 mg g -1 ) and atrazine (125 mg g -1 ) application. Among the herbicides tested, atrazine and metribuzin showed a large degree of phytotoxicity to the crop, inhibiting its vegetative growth and was thus incompatible with greengram. @JASEM

In vitro response of black gram genotypes to herbicide stress and elevation of antioxidative defence system

“…Reports regarding effect of glyphosate in animal systems also mention that glyphosate had significant effect on total protein (El-Shebly and El-kady 2008), while in few reports there was increase in protein content after glyphosate treatment (Romero et al 2011). Decrease in grain protein by treatment of isoproturon and atrazine was observed in green gram (Khan et al 2006). Inhibition of seed germination and decrease in protein content in root shoot axis as well as endosperm of wheat seedlings by herbicide imazethapyr was found by Rad et al (2011).…”

Growth promotion and protection of lentil (Lens esculenta) against herbicide stress by Rhizobium species

“…Therefore, a wide range of herbicides are presently employed to overcome such nuisances. Injudicious and indiscriminate application of these chemicals, however, leads to their accumulation into soils up to a level that is not only detrimental for the beneficial plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) including rhizobia (Khan et al 2006a;Gigliotti and Allievi 2001) but is also toxic for growing agronomically important crop plants (Khan et al 2006b). Consequently, the crop productivity is adversely affected (Song et al 2007).…”

Biomonitoring of Genotoxic Effect of Glyphosate and Pendimethalin in <i>Vigna mungo</i> Populations

“…The effect of herbicides on morphological characters has been studied by many workers in various plants, viz., by Santos et al (2007) in different eucalypt clones and Fayinminnu et al (2010) in Vigna unguiculata. There are few reports on the effect of herbicides in the Vigna species, including Vigna angularis (Soltani et al 2005) and greengram (Zaidi et al 2005, Boe et al 1991, Khan et al 2006.…”