Biotoxic Efficacy of Different Fractions of &lt;i&gt;Acalypha godseffiana&lt;/i&gt; Oil Extract against &lt;i&gt;Callosobruchus maculatus&lt;/i&gt; Infesting Stored Cowpea

Oni, Mercy Olayinka; Ogungbite, Olaniyi Charles; Ofuya, T. I.

doi:10.5376/mpr.2018.08.0002

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Researches have shown that the insect is capable of causing more than 65% destruction of cowpea grains in storage and if left on unchecked it may cause total wastage of cowpea within 6 months of storage (Abd-Elhady, 2012;Ashamo, Odeyemi, & Ogungbite, 2013;Kedia, Prakash, Mishra, Singh, & Dubey, 2013;Oni, 2014;Shimomura et al, 2010). The ability of the insect to have many generations within a year makes its infestation on cowpea to be more pronounced (Kedia et al, 2013;Ogungbite, 2015;Oni, Ogungbite, & Ofuya, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effects of oil extract of green Acalypha (Acalypha wilkesiana) on antioxidant and neurotransmitter enzymes in Callosobruchus maculatus

Oni

Ogungbite

Oguntuase

et al. 2019

JoBAZ

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Background: Callosobruchus maculatus is an important insect pest of cowpea. The inhibitory effects of oil extract of Acalypha wilkesiana (Muell Arg.) leaves on antioxidant, neurotransmitter, and detoxifying enzyme in adult Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) were evaluated under laboratory condition. The leaves of the plant were collected fresh and air-dried before the oil was extracted from them through cold extraction method while ethanol was used as solvent. Adult C. maculatus were exposed to 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 ml of 0.5% concentration of the oil extract and were homogenized separately. The supernatants gotten from them were used as enzyme sources. The activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, AChE, CarEST and GST were observed with photospectrometer. GC-MS analysis was done to evaluate the active compounds present in the oil extract. Results: The activities of the enzymes increased at lower dosages of the oil extract (0.2 and 0.4 ml) and reduced drastically at higher dosages of the oil (0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 ml). However, AChE activity was more affected by the oil extract as it was almost inhibited by the oil extract. The GC-MS showed that 114 compounds were present in the oil extract of the plant while acetaldehyde had the highest percentage (46.07%) of the total compounds. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the oil extract of A. wilkesiana could be a good biopesticide for the control of adult C. maculatus instead of synthetic chemical insecticides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effects of oil extract of green Acalypha (Acalypha wilkesiana) on antioxidant and neurotransmitter enzymes in Callosobruchus maculatus

Oni

Ogungbite

Oguntuase

et al. 2019

JoBAZ

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“…The high insecticidal effect of M. charantia and A. wilkesiana recorded in this study may have been due to insecticidal properties. In addition, these powders may block the spiracle of the beetles, resulting in suffocation and death (Ileke and Olotuah, 2012;Oni, 2014;Oni et al, 2018a). The efficacy and effectiveness of these plant powders (M. charantia and A. wilkesiana) may also result from phytochemicals, such as glycosides, alkaloid, sapon, and tannis, among others, found in the plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative response of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (Walp.)

Adeboye

Oni

Adesina

2020

Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Hortic.

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Post-harvest preservation of cowpea in developing countries has been a major challenge owing to Callosobruchus maculatus infestation. The study compares response of C. maculatus (F) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea seeds under laboratory atmosphere. Five pairs of freshly emerged C. maculatus adults were introduced into Petri-dish containing 20 g of cowpea admixed with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g of each plant powder, replicated thrice and arranged in a complete randomization design. Adult mortality was recorded at 24 h interval for 5 days, oviposition was recorded after 48 h. While newly emerged insects were recorded 30-35 days after infestation and weight loss was also determined. The treatments showed significant increase in C. maculatus adult mortality as the time of exposure and dosage increases, with highest values (90 and 100% for A. wilkesiana and M. charantia, respectively) at 120 h of exposure and 0.8 g dosage level. At 0.8 g, A. wilkesiana (66.3) and M. charantia (63.0) treated seeds recorded significantly lower number of eggs laid. Similar trend was equally observed for adult emergence and percentage weight loss. The study revealed that both plants had significant insecticidal effects and clearly showed that M. charantia was more effective than A. wilkesiana, but did not show higher significant differences in all the parameters assessed. This indicated that these plant powders have prospective to safeguard cowpea seeds in store from C. maculatus infestation and damage. Therefore, these plant should be included in the Integrated Pest Management Strategies for cowpea storage by small scale farmers.

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“…Once infestation of pests (including C. maculatus) is established in stored products, the only alternative available to the farmer is to apply synthetic insecticide otherwise loss of the entire stored product is inevitable. Synthetic insecticides have become very popular since their discovery in the 1940s because of their efficacy, availability and ease of application even on large scale and they constitute man's first line of defence in pest outbreaks (Oni et al, 2018). As the world population hits 8 billion mark, there is growing need to double food production and this would lead to threefold increase in fertilizer and pesticide usage (IITA, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peasant farmers all over the world use plant materials for storage of their excess harvest as protectants against pest infestation (Oni et al, 2018). The past four decades have witnessed a new impetus in the development and evaluation of botanical insecticides in view of their relative safety to the environment (Soujanya et al, 2016;Singh, 2017;Spochacz, et al, 2018;Tazerouni et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopesticidal Effect of Partitioned Extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepernick & Timler on Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.)

Gbate¹,

Ashamo²,

Kayode³

2021

JAS

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Botanicals have become the focus for discovery of novel bioinsecticides for protection of crops most especially because of their biodegradability, non-toxicity, target organism specificity and environmental friendliness. Partitioned extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides were investigated for biopesticidal effect on Callosobruchus maculatus with aim of identifying the most active components and increase ease of handling when compared to bulk crude plant material used by farmers. Crude powder of rootbark of Z. zanthoxyloides was made as well as partitioned extracts using Kupchan partition extraction methods with methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and n-hexane as solvents. Analysis of the rootbark of the plant showed 19.87% ash content, 24% crude protein, 24.85% crude fibre, 3.13% oil extract, 15.42mg/100g alkaloids, 45.90mg/100g tannins, 1039.14mg/100g saponins, 26.47mg/100g flavonoids, 150.0mg/100g iron, 244.70mg/100g calcium, 36.65mg/100g magnesium, 449.00mg/100g potassium and 128.30mg/100g of phosphorus. The crude powder and extracts were bioassayed on C. maculatus in stored cowpea. Insecticidal activities of the partitioned extracts increased with increasing concentration; toxicity test revealed that n-hexane at 1%, 2% and 3%, acetone extract at 3%, and crude powder at 1.5g all have same effect on the insect as the positive control, achieving 100% mortality at 24 hours post treatment, number of adult emergence of 63.57 was recorded with 1% methanol extract against 28 in 3% of the extract. There was a significant difference in weight loss by the cowpea in the different fractional treatments while positive and negative controls also differed significantly (P>0.05) with all the partitioned treatments. Partition extracts from Z. zanthoxyloides were more bioactive than the crude powder, and n-hexane fractions contain the most active compounds against C. maculatus. n-hexane extract contain most active biomolecules to be explored for bioinsecticide formulation with high potency for development of new biopesticide, eliminate toxic components and increase ease of handling when compared to bulk crude plant material used by farmers.

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Biotoxic Efficacy of Different Fractions of <i>Acalypha godseffiana</i> Oil Extract against <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> Infesting Stored Cowpea

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Inhibitory effects of oil extract of green Acalypha (Acalypha wilkesiana) on antioxidant and neurotransmitter enzymes in Callosobruchus maculatus

Inhibitory effects of oil extract of green Acalypha (Acalypha wilkesiana) on antioxidant and neurotransmitter enzymes in Callosobruchus maculatus

Comparative response of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (Walp.)

Biopesticidal Effect of Partitioned Extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepernick & Timler on Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.)

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