Biotransformation and detoxification of reactive black dye by Ganoderma tsugae

Abstract

In this study, the decolourization potential of the white-rot fungus Ganoderma tsugae, which is capable of producing laccase was investigated to degrade reactive black dye. Biodegradation of reactive black dye was analyzed by using spectrophotometer at an absorbance of 585 nm. Laccase, manganese peroxidase and pH were served as biodegradation indices. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) were used to analyze degradation products. Seed germination study was carried out on maize and beans seeds with distilled water (control), degraded dye products and non-degraded dye. Microtoxicity assay was also performed on the test cultures Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae using the degraded dye metabolite/non-degraded dye. The non-degraded dye components inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa (clear zone of 6 mm) and E. coli (clear zone of 3 mm). K. pneumoniae was resistant to the toxicity of the dye components. The following metabolites were detected; 3-Benzyl hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, 5-Isopropylidene-3,3-dimethyl-dihydrofuran-2-one, N-[(Z)-1-Ethylpentylidene] methanamine and 10-Undecenyl aldehyde with retention time of 23.317, 16.475, 16.850 and 23.500 min, respectively.

Production of Superabsorbent Biopolymer from Polivinyl Alcohol Modified Cellulose Based with Variation of The Number of Initiator and Crosslink Agent

“…PVA hydrolysis occurs at 1650.99 cm -1 which is the vibration of the C=O group. According to Zubbair et al (2018) the range of C-O stretching ranges from 1150-1100 cm -1 , on FTIR PVA the peak of the C-O stretching vibration occurred at 1143.30 cm -1 . There are typical functional groups that appear on the waves absorption peak 3253.12 cm -1 and 1143.30; 1088.10 cm -1 in the form of an alcohol functional group (-OH) with strong hydrogen bonds so that the material is hydrophilic.…”

“…The -OH group is indicated by the presence absorption peak in the area of 3461.03 cm -1 , showing the presence of cellulose compounds which were not lost due to heating with an alkaline solution. Cellulose is a polysaccharide consisting of glucose units linked by bondsβ1,4-glycosidic (Zubbair et al, 2018). In the area wave number 1054.53 cm -1 , β-glycosidic absorption on the aromatic structure of cellulose was indicated.…”

Decolorization and Detoxification of Synthetic Dyes by Mexican Strains of Trametes sp.

“…A lower redox potential (E°) of the substrate and/or a higher E° of laccase normally results in a higher rate of substrate oxidation, and a linear correlation between the percentage of decolorization of each dye and the respective redox potential was found [9]. Recently, there has been growing interest in studying new fungal laccase sources, with the expectation of finding enzymes with novel properties or which are very robust for application in dye decolorization [10,11,12]. One of the limitations of the large-scale application of the enzyme is the lack of a capacity to produce large volumes of highly active enzyme.…”