Biotransformation and improved enzymatic extraction of chlorogenic acid from coffee pulp by filamentous fungi

Abstract

The highest enzymatic extraction of covalent linked chlorogenic (36.1%) and caffeic (CA) (33%) acids from coffee pulp (CP) was achieved by solid-state fermentation with a mixture of three enzymatic extracts produced by Aspergillus tamarii, Rhizomucor pusillus, and Trametes sp. Enzyme extracts were produced in a practical inexpensive way. Synergistic effects on the extraction yield were observed when more than one enzyme extract was used. In addition, biotransformation of chlorogenic acid (ChA) by Aspergillus niger C23308 was studied. Equimolar transformation of ChA into CA and quinic acids (QA) was observed during the first 36 h in submerged culture. Subsequently, after 36 h, equimolar transformation of CA into protocatechuic acid was observed; this pathway is being reported for the first time for A. niger. QA was used as a carbon source by A. niger C23308. This study presents the potential of using CP to produce enzymes and compounds such as ChA with biological activities.

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“…Result shown a caffeic acid production of 0.70 ± 0.20 mg/mL at 24 and 48 h of fermentation. 55% chlorogenic acid consumption was obtained after 24 h. At 96 h of fermentation consumption increases to 80% and is maintained until 144 h, which decays to 0.16 mg/mL after of 120 h of fermentation A. niger incorporates the caffeic acid as a source of carbon after 168 h these results are similar to the reported by Torres-Mancera et al (2013) 10% of chlorogenic acid is biotransformed in caffeic acid between 36 and 72 h, in this work accelerate the biotransformation due to the previous adaptation of the strain to the coffee pulp culture medium. This step allowed for conversions similar to those reported but in less time biotransformation.…”

“…In this work, we evaluate the ability of the Aspergillus niger strain to biotransform chlorogenic acid [3-(3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl) quinic acid] to coffee acid [3-(3,4dihydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid] using coffee pulp as the only source of carbon ( Figure 1). Coffee pulp contains approximately 3095 mg/kg chlorogenic acid, 1985 mg/kg of caffeic acid, 113 mg/kg of ferulic acid and 81 mg/kg of p-cumaric acid (Torres-Mancera et al, 2013), which makes this residue optimal for the production of antioxidant compounds and precursors of essences.…”

trans-Cinnamic and Chlorogenic Acids Affect the Secondary Metabolic Profiles and Ergosterol Biosynthesis by Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum Sensu Stricto

“… Schematic representation of some of the core biochemical pathways of major phenolic acids (based on Kaushik et al [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]) with an indication of the routes of the conversion and degradation of phenolic acids by fungi. Red arrows indicate the routes of either the conversion or degradation of phenolic acids by fungi.…”

Tropical agroindustrial biowaste revalorization through integrative biorefineries—review part I: coffee and palm oil by-products

“…Chlorogenic acid can be chemically hydrolyzed by an acid catalysis, or enzymatically by the use of microorganisms, i.e., Aspergillus niger C23308, which converts chlorogenic acids into caffeic acids and quinic acids [66]. Another promising derivative from chlorogenic and caffeic acid is their resulting ester with 2-phenylethanol.…”

“…An alternative to detoxify the coffee pulp has been the addition of enzymatic cocktail extracts from Aspergillus tamarii, Rhizomucor pusillus, and Trametes sp. to hydrolyze the chlorogenic and caffeic acids linked to cell walls for further extractions, achieving 36% and 33% respectively of enzymatic extraction [48,66].…”