Biotransformation of benzo[a]pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic analogs by several green algae and other algal species under gold and white light

Warshawsky, David; Cody, Terence E.; Radike, Martha; Reilman, Raymond; Schumann, Brenda L.; LaDow, Kathy; Schneider, Joanne Kraenzle

doi:10.1016/0009-2797(95)03610-x

Cited by 144 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Both processes occur due to absorption of photon energy (280-400 nm) from UV-light by the PAH molecule Diamond 2003) and phototoxicity of pyrene has been found for several organisms (Pelletier et al 1997;El-Alawi et al 2001;Weinstein and Polk 2001). Studies showing no phototoxicity have, however, also been performed with freshwater green algae and pyrene (Warshawsky et al 1995) and with natural plankton assemblages and crude oil (Sargian et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Combined effects of pyrene and UV-light on algae and bacteria in an arctic sediment

Petersen

Dahllöf²

2007

Ecotoxicology

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The phototoxicity potential of pyrene on natural algae and bacteria in an arctic sediment was evaluated and compared to that of pyrene treatment alone based on some functional and structural endpoints. Microcosms with arctic sediment from a shallow-water marine bay were incubated with pyrene under three different light regimes, natural sunlight with UV-light (Light(UV)), natural sunlight without UV-light (Light) and dark.Presence of pyrene directly affected the algal community measured as decreased (14)C-incorporation and decreased ammonium, nitrate and silicate uptake. These direct toxic effects from pyrene on the algae eventually led to indirect effects on the bacterial community observed as increased oxygen consumption. Besides the direct toxicity of pyrene to the benthic microbial community, indications of phototoxicity were found on the bacterial community detected as decreased oxygen consumption and increased bacterial diversity under Light(UV) compared to Light. No indication of phototoxicity of pyrene was found on the algae, which might be due to the high direct toxicity of pyrene. Our results indicate that shallow arctic marine areas might be affected by phototoxicity if concentrations of oil components in the sediments increase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Combined effects of pyrene and UV-light on algae and bacteria in an arctic sediment

Petersen

Dahllöf²

2007

Ecotoxicology

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“…are capable of complete PAH mineralization, as they produce prokaryote-like dioxygenases or other unique oxidative enzymes (Bumpus et al 1985, Hammel 1989, Warshawsky et al 1995, Wolter et al 1997. The whiterot fungi are primarily specialized in the degradation of lignins, and ligninolysis involves extra-cellular release of a battery of highly nonspecific, oxidative enzymes such as ligninperoxidase (LIP), manganesedependent peroxidase (MnP) and laccase (Tien & Kirk 1983).…”

Section: Microbial Biodegraders and Their Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative importance of macrofaunal burrows for the microbial mineralization of pyrene in marine sediments: impact of macrofaunal species and organic matter quality

Granberg

Hansen

Selck

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The significance of macrofaunal burrows for microbial organic matter mineralization is well recognized. However, despite the importance of marine sediments as main sinks for organic particle-reactive contaminants such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the significance of biogenic structures for microbial pollutant mineralization is largely unknown. We measured microbial mineralization of the PAH pyrene in different sediment compartments (surface, burrow and reduced bulk sediments) as a function of contamination history (uncontaminated and pyrene-exposed), macrofaunal species (Amphiura filiformis and Nereis diversicolor) and sediment organic matter quality (labile Tetraselmis sp. and refractory lignin). Sediments were exposed to combinations of the 3 factors for 43 d, after which sediment samples from the 3 compartments were incubated for radio-respirometric measurements in 14 C-pyrene-coated flasks to monitor 14 CO 2 production (i.e. pyrene mineralization) for 128 d. Pyrene exposure enhanced microbial pyrene mineralization (MPM) rates by an order of magnitude in all compartments, signifying MPM as inducible. MPM rates increased successively from reduced bulk to burrow and surface sediments in uncontaminated treatments, while MPM rates were highest in burrows when exposed to pyrene. This emphasizes the oxygen dependence of MPM and pinpoints burrows as MPM hot spots. Enrichment with labile organic matter doubled MPM rates in pyrene-exposed surface sediment, likely fertilizing MPM where oxygen is readily available. Burrow sediment MPM rates were doubled with A. filiformis, suggesting species-specific stimulation of the microbial community within the burrows. In conclusion, burrow sediment appears to be at least as important as surface sediment for microbial PAH degradation in marine sediments. Furthermore, macrofaunal biodiversity, sedimentation events and the trophic state of the system should be taken into account when the fate and effects of organic contaminants are assessed in marine systems.

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“…The increase of availability and potential toxicity of copper in water may have detrimental effects on aquatic organisms including algae, an important component of primary production and thus the entire aquatic food chain. Algae are able to bioconcentrate and to metabolize several aquatic pollutants like insecticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Warshawsky et al 1995;Jonsson et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of copper on the activation of the acid phosphatase from the green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Jonsson

Aoyama

2009

Biometals

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The presence of copper in water environment may have detrimental effects on aquatic organisms, including algae, where different enzymatic systems can be affected. Algae acid phosphatase plays important roles in metabolic processes such as decomposition of organic phosphate, autophagic digestive process, recycling cellular materials and zygote formation during reproduction. This work describes an in vitro activation effect of copper on the acid phosphatase of the green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formely Selenastrum capricornutum) under preincubation condition. Apparent Michaelis constant values of 1.21 and 0.37 mM, and activation energy values of 26.8 and 13.6 kJ mol(-1) were determined in the absence and in the presence of 0.2 mM Cu(2+), respectively. The dissociation constant value for Cu(2+) binding to the enzyme was determined to be 22.04 microM. The decrease of the apparent Michaelis constant (Km) and activation energy values in the presence of Cu(2+) correlates well with its activating effect on the acid phosphatase activity. This propriety could be used as a sensitive bioindicator for copper in environmental samples.

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Biotransformation of benzo[a]pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic analogs by several green algae and other algal species under gold and white light

Cited by 144 publications

References 32 publications

Combined effects of pyrene and UV-light on algae and bacteria in an arctic sediment

Combined effects of pyrene and UV-light on algae and bacteria in an arctic sediment

Relative importance of macrofaunal burrows for the microbial mineralization of pyrene in marine sediments: impact of macrofaunal species and organic matter quality

Effect of copper on the activation of the acid phosphatase from the green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

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