The possible relationship(s) between intestinal dysbiosis and various degenerative intestinal-based diseases, e.g. diabetes and obesity, is an ongoing focus of intense investigation. [1][2][3][4] As a consequence of the results of such research, the focus is now on therapeutic strategies for such diseases based on modification of the gut microbiota. 2,4 Fecal transplantation is one such strategy, which was suggested by Zhang and co-workers 2 as a treatment for diabetes mellitus and by Kang and co-workers 4 for treatment of obesity. Kang and co-workers also reported different strategies involving fecal gut microbiota transplantation to treat obesity. Other studies correlated other degenerative diseases to gut microbiota activities and suggested therapeutic strategies to alleviate those disease states. 1 This interesting prospect, i.e., fecal gut microbiota transplantation to combat intestine-related diseases, has led to the development of methods by different research groups to evaluate the gut microbiota status in human subjects. 5-8 These approaches can be classified as:a. Untargeted approaches that search for bacteria responsible for dysbiosis without any prior knowledge of which types of bacterium might be involved. 5,6 b. Targeted approaches that search for specific pathogens and the correlation of these to gut microbiota-related dysbiosis. 7,8 One example of an untargeted approach is that of Pinheiro de Oliveira and co-workers who developed a method that detects thousands of different species using DNA gene amplification. 5 For the aforementioned DNA approaches, it is difficult to determine a correlation between the presence of a bacterial species and its involvement in intestinal dysbiosis without knowledge of how its metabolism affects the intestinal environment. 5,6