Biotransformation of phytosterols under aerobic conditions

Dykstra, Christy M.; Giles, Hamilton D.; Banerjee, Sujit; Pavlostathis, Spyros G.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.062

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These microorganisms ( Nocardia rhodocrous , Rhodococcus erythropolis , Mycobacterium smegmatis , etc.) mostly contain two types of enzymes: cholesterol oxidases, which use oxygen as an electron acceptor, and cholesterol dehydrogenases/isomerases. Because of their structural similarities, phytosterols are expected to follow a pathway similar to cholesterol, which has been studied in more detail. Thus, under aerobic conditions, cholesterol is first oxidized to cholest-5-en-3-one, followed by isomerization to cholest-4-en-3-one (Figure ).…”

Section: From Fundamentals To Practical Improvements In Catalytic Pro...mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Several microorganisms have been reported for their ability to degrade3 phytosterols under aerobic conditions, but except the very preliminary steps little is known about the biotransformation pathways and nature/multitude of intermediate compounds. These microorganisms (Nocardia rhodocrous, Rhodococcus erythropolis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, etc) mostly contain two types of enzymes: cholesterol oxidases, which use oxygen as an electron acceptor, and cholesterol dehydrogenases/isomerases [491][492] . Because of their structural similarity, phytosterols are expected to follow a pathway similar to cholesterol, which has been studied in more detail.…”

Section: Biodegradation Of Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress and Prospects in Catalytic Water Treatment

et al. 2021

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Section: From Fundamentals To Practical Improvements In Catalytic Pro...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Biodegradation Of Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Prospects in Catalytic Water Treatment

et al. 2021

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Sterols, Stanols, and Waxes

Kochhar

Azadmard‐Damirchi

Nasirpour‐Tabrizi

et al. 2020

Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products

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Phytosterols (plant sterols and stanols) and waxes are a part of the minor components of vegetable fats and oils. Stanols are the saturated form of plant sterols. Phytosterols (PS) are isoprenoid derivatives, which are essential compounds of biological membranes. They are structurally similar to cholesterol and control fluidity of eukaryote membranes and have role in the synthesis of hormonal sterols. PS are a major part of the unsaponifiable fraction of vegetable oils. They can be found either in free or esterified forms. PS are classified into three groups according to the presence or absence of methyl group at their C4 position, namely desmethylsterols (without methyl group), monomethylsterols (with one methyl group), and dimethylsterols (with two methyl groups). Generally, desmethylsterols comprise a high proportion of PS. PS have antioxidative properties and also can be used in vegetable oil authenticity. Consumption of PS through diet has beneficial effects on human health, such as lowering of LDL cholesterol and prevention of various types of cancers. However, PS like other lipids can be oxidized, and their oxidation products are important from the nutritional point of view. Waxes naturally occur in vegetable oils. They are present in saponifiable fraction and can be removed with dewaxing/winterization process, which is necessary in salad oils. Waxes have different edible and nonedible applications. This article reviews plant sterols, stanols and waxes structure, content in vegetable oils, changes in the effects of various processes, applications, analytical aspects, and future prospects.

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