Biotransformation of Trace Organic Contaminants in Open-Water Unit Process Treatment Wetlands

Jasper, Justin T.; Jones, Zackary L.; Sharp, Jonathan O.; Sedlak, David L.

doi:10.1021/es500351e

Cited by 78 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…The wetland contained three baffles to promote plug-flow hydraulic conditions, and was lined with concrete and geotextile fabric to prevent the growth of emergent macrophytes. A 2e10-cm deep, porous, diffuse biomat composed of algae (mainly diatoms), associated heterotrophic microbes, and detritus accumulated on the wetland bottom (Jasper et al, 2014a). During the day, photosynthesis at the biomat surface increased the concentration of dissolved oxygen throughout the water column.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments were conducted in August and October 2012, and June 2014. Due to the small percentage of water that was estimated to be lost via evaporation (7.3 ± 1.1%; Jasper et al, 2014a), no water was added during the course of the in-situ batch experiments. The observed, first-order inactivation rate constants of indigenous wastewater bacteria in the in-situ batch reactors were calculated from linear regression of ln(C t /C 0 ) versus time (k B obs , h À1 ).…”

Section: Experiments With In-situ Batch Reactors At the Open-water Wementioning

confidence: 99%

“…C x and C 0 values are the monitoring data measured on a particular day. Values of d and total q x were determined to be 0.08 and 1.12 d, respectively (Silverman et al, 2015), based on the Rhodamine-WT tracer test (tracer test recovery was 77%) (Jasper et al, 2014a). It was assumed that q x values at sampling locations turns 1, 2, and 3 correspond to 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3 of total q x , respectively.…”

Section: Comparison Of Modeled and Measured Inactivation (Task 6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sunlight inactivation of fecal indicator bacteria in open-water unit process treatment wetlands: Modeling endogenous and exogenous inactivation rates

et al. 2015

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A pilot-scale open-water unit process wetland was monitored for one year and found to be effective in enhancing sunlight inactivation of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). The removal of Escherichia coli and enterococci in the open-water wetland receiving non-disinfected secondary municipal wastewater reached 3 logs and 2 logs in summer time, respectively. Pigmented enterococci were shown to be significantly more resistant to sunlight inactivation than non-pigmented enterococci. A model was developed to predict the inactivation of E. coli, and pigmented and non-pigmented enterococci that accounts for endogenous and exogenous sunlight inactivation mechanisms and dark processes. Endogenous inactivation rates were modeled using the sum of UVA and UVB irradiance. Exogenous inactivation was only significant for enterococci, and was modeled as a function of steady-state singlet oxygen concentration. The rate constants were determined from lab experiments and an empirical correction factor was used to account for differences between lab and field conditions. The model was used to predict removal rate constants for FIB in the pilot-scale wetland; considering the variability of the monitoring data, there was general agreement between the modeled values and those determined from measurements. Using the model, we estimate that open-water wetlands at 40° latitude with practical sizes can achieve 3-log (99.9%) removal of E. coli and non-pigmented enterococci throughout the year [5.5 ha and 7.0 ha per million gallons of wastewater effluent per day (MGD), respectively]. Differences in sunlight inactivation rates observed between pigmented and non-pigmented enterococci, as well as between lab-cultured and indigenous wastewater bacteria highlight the challenges of using FIB as model organisms for actual pathogens in natural sunlit environments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments With In-situ Batch Reactors At the Open-water Wementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Modeled and Measured Inactivation (Task 6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sunlight inactivation of fecal indicator bacteria in open-water unit process treatment wetlands: Modeling endogenous and exogenous inactivation rates

et al. 2015

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“…In addition to removal of nutrients, they are also being investigated and designed for the removal of organic contaminants by sorption, biotransformation and photolysis . Several reports have described degradation rates, mechanisms and types of microbes involved in degradation, often determined in laboratory or small scale microcosm systems . The identification of degradation products formed by biotransformation and phototransformation is less predictable than human metabolism …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of transformation products from β‐blocking agents formed in wetland microcosms using LC‐Q‐ToF

et al. 2016

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Identification of degradation products from trace organic compounds, which may retain the biological activity of the parent compound, is an important step in understanding the long-term effects of these compounds on the environment. Constructed wetlands have been successfully utilized to remove contaminants from wastewater effluent, including pharmacologically active compounds. However, relatively little is known about the transformation products formed during wetland treatment. In this study, three different wetland microcosm treatments were used to determine the biotransformation products of the β-adrenoreceptor antagonists atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol. LC/ESI-Q-ToF run in the MS(E) and MS/MS modes was used to identify and characterize the degradation products through the accurate masses of precursor and product ions. The results were compared with those of a reference standard when available. Several compounds not previously described as biotransformation products produced in wetlands were identified, including propranolol-O-sulfate, 1-naphthol and the human metabolite N-deaminated metoprolol. Transformation pathways were significantly affected by microcosm conditions and differed between compounds, despite the compounds' structural similarities. Altogether, a diverse range of transformation products in wetland microcosms were identified and elucidated using high resolving MS. This work shows that transformation products are not always easily predicted, nor formed via the same pathways even for structurally similar compounds.

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“…Biological activity in the biomat causes diurnal cycling due to competing photosynthetic and heterotrophic processes with oxygen supersaturation in the water column during the day and suboxic conditions at night. The microorganisms that colonized this system were initially investigated in Jasper et al (26) and shown to contain a high abundance of a single species of diatom, Staurosira construens var. venter, in conjunction with a diverse bacterial community.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sulfide-Induced Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Supports Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) in an Open-Water Unit Process Wetland

Jones

Jasper

Sedlak

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Open-water unit process wetlands host a benthic diatomaceous and bacterial assemblage capable of nitrate removal from treated municipal wastewater with unexpected contributions from anammox processes. In exploring mechanistic drivers of anammox, 16S rRNA gene sequencing profiles of the biomat revealed significant microbial community shifts along the flow path and with depth. Notably, there was an increasing abundance of sulfate reducers (Desulfococcus and other Deltaproteobacteria) and anammox microorganisms (Brocadiaceae) with depth. Pore water profiles demonstrated that nitrate and sulfate concentrations exhibited a commensurate decrease with biomat depth accompanied by the accumulation of ammonium. Quantitative PCR targeting the anammox hydrazine synthase gene, hzsA, revealed a 3-fold increase in abundance with biomat depth as well as a 2-fold increase in the sulfate reductase gene, dsrA. These microbial and geochemical trends were most pronounced in proximity to the influent region of the wetland where the biomat was thickest and influent nitrate concentrations were highest. While direct genetic queries for dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) microorganisms proved unsuccessful, an increasing depth-dependent dominance of Gammaproteobacteria and diatoms that have previously been functionally linked to DNRA was observed. To further explore this potential, a series of microcosms containing field-derived biomat material confirmed the ability of the community to produce sulfide and reduce nitrate; however, significant ammonium production was observed only in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. Collectively, these results suggest that biogenic sulfide induces DNRA, which in turn can explain the requisite coproduction of ammonium and nitrite from nitrified effluent necessary to sustain the anammox community.IMPORTANCE This study aims to increase understanding of why and how anammox is occurring in an engineered wetland with limited exogenous contributions of ammonium and nitrite. In doing so, the study has implications for how geochemical parameters could potentially be leveraged to impact nutrient cycling and attenuation during the operation of treatment wetlands. The work also contributes to ongoing discussions about biogeochemical signatures surrounding anammox processes and enhances our understanding of the contributions of anammox processes in freshwater environments.KEYWORDS DNRA, anammox, nitrogen cycle, sulfide, water treatment, wetlands C onstructed freshwater wetlands that receive wastewater effluent offer an opportunity to gain insight into the biological nutrient cycling process because they are subject to comparatively high nutrient loading rates and are optimized for steady-state

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Biotransformation of Trace Organic Contaminants in Open-Water Unit Process Treatment Wetlands

Cited by 78 publications

References 58 publications

Sunlight inactivation of fecal indicator bacteria in open-water unit process treatment wetlands: Modeling endogenous and exogenous inactivation rates

Sunlight inactivation of fecal indicator bacteria in open-water unit process treatment wetlands: Modeling endogenous and exogenous inactivation rates

Identification of transformation products from β‐blocking agents formed in wetland microcosms using LC‐Q‐ToF

Sulfide-Induced Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Supports Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) in an Open-Water Unit Process Wetland

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