Biotrophic Fungi Infection and Plant Defense Mechanism

Abera, Solomon

doi:10.4172/2157-7471.1000378

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This could lead to H 2 O 2 accumulation in cells with the consequent oxidative stress, which could trigger HR and conclude in programmed cell death [ 116 ]. In fact, HR is a successful strategy against biotrophic pathogens, since it confines the microorganism to the infection site [ 117 ]. However, contradictorily, when plants recognize necrotrophic or hemibiotrophic pathogens, such as C. gloeosporioides , HR only contributes to faster spreading of the pathogen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physcomitrium patens Infection by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides: Understanding the Fungal–Bryophyte Interaction by Microscopy, Phenomics and RNA Sequencing

Otero-Blanca

Pérez-Llano

Reboledo-Blanco

et al. 2021

JoF

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Anthracnose caused by the hemibiotroph fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a devastating plant disease with an extensive impact on plant productivity. The process of colonization and disease progression of C. gloeosporioides has been studied in a number of angiosperm crops. To better understand the evolution of the plant response to pathogens, the study of this complex interaction has been extended to bryophytes. The model moss Physcomitrium patens Hedw. B&S (former Physcomitrella patens) is sensitive to known bacterial and fungal phytopathogens, including C. gloeosporioides, which cause infection and cell death. P. patens responses to these microorganisms resemble that of the angiosperms. However, the molecular events during the interaction of P. patens and C. gloeosporioides have not been explored. In this work, we present a comprehensive approach using microscopy, phenomics and RNA-seq analysis to explore the defense response of P. patens to C. gloeosporioides. Microscopy analysis showed that appressoria are already formed at 24 h after inoculation (hai) and tissue colonization and cell death occur at 24 hai and is massive at 48 hai. Consequently, the phenomics analysis showed progressing browning of moss tissues and impaired photosynthesis from 24 to 48 hai. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that more than 1200 P. patens genes were differentially expressed in response to Colletotrichum infection. The analysis of differentially expressed gene function showed that the C. gloeosporioides infection led to a transcription reprogramming in P. patens that upregulated the genes related to pathogen recognition, secondary metabolism, cell wall reinforcement and regulation of gene expression. In accordance with the observed phenomics results, some photosynthesis and chloroplast-related genes were repressed, indicating that, under attack, P. patens changes its transcription from primary metabolism to defend itself from the pathogen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physcomitrium patens Infection by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides: Understanding the Fungal–Bryophyte Interaction by Microscopy, Phenomics and RNA Sequencing

Otero-Blanca

Pérez-Llano

Reboledo-Blanco

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…Cereal hosts restrict the invasion and growth of biotrophic rust pathogens using two broad strategies, penetration resistance and PCD-mediated resistance (Gebrie, 2016). Penetration resistance occurs when non-adapted pathogens fail to recognize the plant's physical and chemical signals necessary for subsequent infection.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Lr and Sr Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCD-mediated resistance occurs inside the penetrated epidermal cell where the plant terminates nutrient supply to the fungal pathogens restricting further development by induction of invaded program cell death. Wheat resistance responses to rust pathogens have been characterized into surface-localized pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)-triggered immunity (PTI), intracellular effector-triggered immunity (ETI), and broad-spectrum quantitative (partial) disease resistance (Dangl et al, 2013;Gebrie, 2016;Klymiuk et al, 2018). Dinh et al (2020) discussed the significance of PAMPs conserved across plant pathogens that are recognized by PRRs in host plants.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Lr and Sr Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the well-known PAMPs present in cereal rust fungi is chitin (Dinh et al, 2020). Recognition of PAMPs triggers multiple defense responses in the host plant including generation of ROS, biosynthesis of defense hormones and phytoalexin, and cell wall strengthening which eventually generate PTI response (Gebrie, 2016;Dinh et al, 2020). The second layer of plant defense response, ETI, uses resistance (R) proteins that are activated upon the recognition of pathogen effectors (Dangl et al, 2013).…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Lr and Sr Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second layer of plant defense response, ETI, uses resistance (R) proteins that are activated upon the recognition of pathogen effectors (Dangl et al, 2013). The association of ETI with a hypersensitive response leading to PCD prevents rust pathogens from acquiring nutrients from cereal hosts (Gebrie, 2016;Dinh et al, 2020). Most of the cloned LR resistance genes, such as Lr1, Lr10, Lr21, and Lr22a, encode nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins (Feuillet et al, 2003;Huang et al, 2003;Cloutier et al, 2007;Dinh et al, 2020).…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Lr and Sr Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Fusarium Head Blight and Rust Diseases in Soft Red Winter Wheat in the Southeast United States: State of the Art, Challenges and Future Perspective for Breeding

et al. 2020

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Among the biotic constraints to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, leaf rust (LR), caused by Puccinia triticina, and stripe rust (SR) caused by Puccinia striiformis are problematic fungal diseases worldwide. Each can significantly reduce grain yield while FHB causes additional food and feed safety concerns due to mycotoxin contamination of grain. Genetic resistance is the most effective and sustainable approach for managing wheat diseases. In the past 20 years, over 500 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring small to moderate effects for the different FHB resistance types have been reported in wheat. Similarly, 79 Lr-genes and more than 200 QTLs and 82 Yr-genes and 140 QTLs have been reported for seedling and adult plant LR and SR resistance, respectively. Most QTLs conferring rust resistance are race-specific generally conforming to a classical gene-for-gene interaction while resistance to FHB exhibits complex polygenic inheritance with several genetic loci contributing to one resistance type. Identification and deployment of additional genes/ QTLs associated with FHB and rust resistance can expedite wheat breeding through marker-assisted and/or genomic selection to combine small-effect QTL in the gene pool. LR disease has been present in the southeast United States for decades while SR and FHB have become increasingly problematic in the past 20 years, with FHB arguably due to increased corn acreage in the region. Currently, QTLs on chromosome 1B from

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A perspective on varied fungal virulence factors causing infection in host plants

Kumar,

Sharma,

Kumar

2024

Mol Biol Rep

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Biotrophic Fungi Infection and Plant Defense Mechanism

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Physcomitrium patens Infection by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides: Understanding the Fungal–Bryophyte Interaction by Microscopy, Phenomics and RNA Sequencing

Physcomitrium patens Infection by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides: Understanding the Fungal–Bryophyte Interaction by Microscopy, Phenomics and RNA Sequencing

Fusarium Head Blight and Rust Diseases in Soft Red Winter Wheat in the Southeast United States: State of the Art, Challenges and Future Perspective for Breeding

A perspective on varied fungal virulence factors causing infection in host plants

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