In recent years, the extraction of bioresources from
biowaste via
green chemistry and their utilization for the production of materials
has gained global momentum due to growing awareness of the concepts
of sustainability. Herein, we report a benign process using an ionic
liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl), for
the simultaneous extraction of keratin and melanin from human hair.
Chemical characterization, secondary structure studies, and thermal
analysis of the regenerated protein were performed thoroughly. Hemolytic
potential assays demonstrated hemocompatibility of the keratin, and
thus, it can be used in blood-contacting biomaterials such as sealants,
catheters, hemostats, tissue engineering scaffolds, and so on. Scanning
electron microscopy showed retention of the ellipsoidal morphology
of melanin after the extraction procedure. The pigment demonstrated
the ability to reduce 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl indicative of
its free-radical scavenging activity. Notably, the IL could be recovered
and recycled from the dialysis remains which also exhibited conductivity
and can be potentially used for bioelectronics. Altogether, this work
investigates an extraction process of biopolymers using green chemistry
from abundantly available biowaste for the production of biomaterials
and does not produce any noxious waste matter.