Biowax Production from the Hydrotreatment of Refined Palm Oil (RPO)

Olarte, Giovanny A.; Garzón, Laura; Sarmiento, José A.; López-Giraldo, Luis Javier; Vivas-Báez, July C.

doi:10.3390/pr11051372

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Biowaxes were obtained following the methodology described in Guzman et al, 2010 and 2013 [ 9 , 12 ], modifying the reaction conditions and catalysts used according to Olarte et al, 2023 [ 26 ], as follows: Biowaxes BW1–BW7 were obtained in a pilot-scale fixed-bed reactor using a nickel molybdenum catalyst (NiMo/Al 2 O 3 ), with temperatures ranging from 240 to 260 °C, pressures between 800 and 1300 psig, and Liquid Hourly Space velocity (LHSV) of 1 to 2 h − 1 . BW1–BW5 were obtained by catalytic hydrotreating refined palm oil (RPO), BW6 was obtained by catalytic hydrotreating refined palm kernel oil (RPKO), and finally, BW7 was obtained from bleached palm oil (BPO).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biowaxes from Palm Oil as Promising Candidates for Cosmetic Matrices and Pharmaceuticals for Human Use

Chaparro,

Neira,

Molina

et al. 2023

Materials

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The production of waxes from vegetable oils, such as palm oil, for use as a base material in products for human applications is an alternative to those derived from petroleum and animals. Seven palm oil–derived waxes, called biowaxes (BW1–BW7) in this work, were obtained by catalytic hydrotreating of refined and bleached African palm oil and refined palm kernel oil. They were characterized by three properties: compositional, physicochemical (melting point, penetration value, and pH), and biological (sterility, cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, antioxidant, and irritant). Their morphologies and chemical structures were studied by SEM, FTIR, UV–Vis, and 1H NMR. The BWs presented structures and compositions similar to natural biowaxes (beeswax and carnauba). They had a high concentration of waxy esters (17%–36%) with long alkyl chains (C, 19–26) per carbonyl group, which are related to high melting points (<20–47.9 °C) and low penetration values (2.1–3.8 mm). They also proved to be sterile materials with no cytotoxic, phototoxic, antioxidant, or irritant activity. The biowaxes studied could be used in cosmetic and pharmacological products for human use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biowaxes from Palm Oil as Promising Candidates for Cosmetic Matrices and Pharmaceuticals for Human Use

Chaparro,

Neira,

Molina

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…Ecopetrol has been developing a technology that involves FDA-grade wax production from the hydroprocessing of crude palm oil [7,8], known as biowax. This technology has desirable characteristics for the cosmetics industry, especially as an emollient and thickening agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Incorporating a Biowax Derived from Hydroprocessing of Crude Palm Oil in a Facial Cream and a Blemish Balm Cream

Aguilar,

Hernández,

López-Giraldo

et al. 2023

Cosmetics

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Most waxes used as cosmetic ingredients are derived from the petrochemical industry. A modern alternative to this complex synthesis approach is the hydrotreatment of palm oil; thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of incorporating a biowax derived from hydroprocessing of crude palm oil as a new natural cosmetic ingredient in facial cream and BB cream. Therefore, two water in oil (W/O) emulsions, one including pigments, with five different weight percentages were developed and subjected to further sensory evaluation by a trained panel to estimate the level of acceptance. Moreover, resistance to centrifugation, pH, spreadability, phase separation, viscosity and storage modulus were the parameters evaluated in a preliminary stability study using thermal stress. Sensory analysis showed that the highest level of acceptance was obtained between 3% and 9 wt% biowax. For both prototypes, increasing biowax percentage led to a greater effect on stickiness, the viscosity increased, and extensibility decreased. The formulations were able to maintain their pH. The best stability for BB cream was observed at 9%, since the changes in the properties were slight. For facial cream, the emulsion was more stable at intermediate biowax content. It was observed that biowax exhibits favorable characteristics as an emollient or thickening agent. Finally, the formulations with the best stability and sensory characteristics were obtained at 9 wt% biowax.

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Biowax Production from the Hydrotreatment of Refined Palm Oil (RPO)

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Biowaxes from Palm Oil as Promising Candidates for Cosmetic Matrices and Pharmaceuticals for Human Use

Biowaxes from Palm Oil as Promising Candidates for Cosmetic Matrices and Pharmaceuticals for Human Use

Effect of Incorporating a Biowax Derived from Hydroprocessing of Crude Palm Oil in a Facial Cream and a Blemish Balm Cream

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