Bipedality from locomotor autonomy to adulthood in captive olive baboon (<i>Papio anubis</i>): Cross‐sectional follow‐up and first insight into the impact of body mass distribution

Druelle, François; Aerts, Peter; Bérillon, Gilles

doi:10.1002/ajpa.22837

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…Druelle et al. (2016b) observed that olive baboons, Papio anubis , with a relatively heavier trunk walk bipedally for longer periods than those with lighter trunks. Kimura () showed the importance of lifting the centre of gravity to provide a sufficient amount of energy recovery in chimpanzees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trunk region has been shown to be a fundamental component of bipedal balance in primates, so theoretically an elongated and larger trunk should increase its mass MI, therefore stabilizing the upper body against the movements of the hindlimbs (Preuschoft, 2004). Druelle et al (2016b) observed that olive baboons, Papio anubis, with a relatively heavier trunk walk bipedally for longer periods than those with lighter trunks. Kimura (1996) showed the importance of lifting the centre of gravity to provide a sufficient amount of energy recovery in chimpanzees.…”

Section: Differences In Inertial Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Segmental morphometrics of bonobos (Pan paniscus): are they really different from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)?

et al. 2018

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The inertial properties of body segments reflect performance and locomotor habits in primates. While Pan paniscus is generally described as more gracile, lighter in body mass, and as having relatively longer and heavier hindlimbs than Pan troglodytes, both species exhibit very similar patterns of (quadrupedal and bipedal) kinematics, but show slightly different locomotor repertoires. We used a geometric model to estimate the inertial properties for all body segments (i.e. head, trunk, upper and lower arms, hand, thigh, shank and foot) using external length and diameter measurements of 12 anaesthetized bonobos (eight adults and four immatures). We also calculated whole limb inertial properties. When we compared absolute and relative segment morphometric and inertial variables between bonobos and chimpanzees, we found that adult bonobos are significantly lighter than adult chimpanzees. The bonobo is also shorter in head length, upper and lower arm lengths, and foot length, and is generally lighter in most absolute segment mass values (except head and hand). In contrast, the bonobo has a longer trunk. When scaled relative to body mass, most differences disappear between the two species. Only the longer trunk and the shorter head of the bonobo remain apparent, as well as the lighter thigh compared with the chimpanzee. We found similar values of natural pendular periods of the limbs in both species, despite differences in absolute limb lengths, masses, mass centres (for the hindlimb) and moments of inertia. While our data contradict the commonly accepted view that bonobos have relatively longer and heavier hindlimbs than chimpanzees, they are consistent with the observed similarities in the quadrupedal and bipedal kinematics between these species. The morphological differences between both species are more subtle than those previously described from postcranial osteological materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differences In Inertial Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmental morphometrics of bonobos (Pan paniscus): are they really different from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)?

et al. 2018

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“…(), as previously applied to baboons (Raichlen, , ; Druelle et al. ). External linear measurements of the nine body segments were taken (head, including the neck, trunk, upper arm, forearm, hand, thigh, shank, foot and tail).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our measurement protocol allows the use of the geometric model developed by Crompton et al (1996), as previously applied to baboons (Raichlen, 2004(Raichlen, , 2005bDruelle et al 2016a). External linear measurements of the nine body segments were taken (head, including the neck, trunk, upper arm, forearm, hand, thigh, shank, foot and tail).…”

Section: Collecting Morphometricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmental morphometrics of the olive baboon (Papio anubis): a longitudinal study from birth to adulthood

et al. 2017

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The linear dimensions and inertial characteristics of the body are important in locomotion and they change considerably during the ontogeny of animals, including humans. This longitudinal and ontogenetic study has produced the largest dataset to date of segmental morphometrics in a Catarrhini species, the olive baboon. The objectives of the study were to quantify the changes in body linear and inertial dimensions and to explore their (theoretical) mechanical significance for locomotion. We took full‐body measurements of captive individuals at regular intervals. Altogether, 14 females and 16 males were followed over a 7‐year period, i.e. from infancy to adulthood. Our results show that individual patterns of growth are very consistent and follow the general growth pattern previously described in olive baboons. Furthermore, we obtained similar growth curve structures for segment lengths and masses, although the respective time scales were slightly different. The most significant changes in body morphometrics occurred during the first 2 years of life and concerned the distal parts of the body. Females and males were similar in size and shape at birth. The rate and duration of growth produced substantial size‐related differences throughout ontogeny, while body shapes remained very similar between the sexes. We also observed significant age‐related variations in limb composition, with a proximal shift of the centre of mass within the limbs, mainly due to changes in mass distribution and in the length of distal segments. Finally, we observed what we hypothesize to be ‘early biomechanical optimization’ of the limbs for quadrupedal walking. This is due to a high degree of convergence between the limbs’ natural pendular periods in infants, which may facilitate the onset of quadrupedal walking. Furthermore, the mechanical significance of the morphological changes observed in growing baboons may be related to changing functional demands with the onset of autonomous (quadrupedal) locomotion. From a wider perspective, these data provide unique insights into questions surrounding both the processes of locomotor development in primates and how these processes might evolve.

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“…Simultaneously, infant baboons (i.e., 0–2 years of age) undergo drastic changes in their pattern of mass distribution. Initially, in comparison to older individuals (i.e., juveniles and adults), they possess a relatively heavy head, a light trunk, and heavy hands and feet [Altmann et al, ; Druelle et al, ; Leigh et al, ]. With development, more mass becomes allocated to the proximal limb segments [Raichlen, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of body mass distribution on the ontogeny of positional behaviors in non‐human primates: Longitudinal follow‐up of infant captive olive baboons (Papio anubis)

Druelle

Aerts

Bérillon

2016

American J Primatol

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The diversity of primates' positional capabilities is unique among mammals. Indeed, they exhibit a daily repertoire composed of various locomotor and postural modes that may be linked to their particular morphological pattern. Because ontogeny undergoes parallel behavioral and morphological modifications, it may be useful to investigate the biomechanical consequences of the changing body shape. We, therefore, collected accurate quantitative and longitudinal data on positional behaviors, body mass distribution patterns, activities, and environment on a sample of six infant olive baboons, Papio anubis. These baboons are kept at the Primatology Station of the CNRS, France, where they live within the same social group. Individual behaviors were quantified using the focal sampling method. The body mass distribution was estimated according to a geometric model based on direct external measurements. Multivariate analysis enabled us to analyze the interactions between the data. Our results show that body mass distribution changes together with the ontogenetic changes in positional behaviors. At an early age, individuals have distally heavy segment masses in the limbs and an important fraction of the behavioral repertoire involves efficient grasping abilities. At the end of infancy, the same individuals have relatively more mass in proximal segments of the limbs and the proportion of quadrupedal walking is significantly higher while other climbing and suspensory behaviors decreased substantially. The present study experimentally confirms the association between body mass distribution and the positional repertoire of primates. These relationships, when interpreted in the context of basic biomechanical concepts, may improve our understanding of primate locomotion. We discuss further the implications of these functional relationships when modeling the evolutionary pathway of primates. Am. J. Primatol. 78:1201-1221, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Bipedality from locomotor autonomy to adulthood in captive olive baboon (Papio anubis): Cross‐sectional follow‐up and first insight into the impact of body mass distribution

Cited by 11 publications

References 91 publications

Segmental morphometrics of bonobos (Pan paniscus): are they really different from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)?

Segmental morphometrics of bonobos (Pan paniscus): are they really different from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)?

Segmental morphometrics of the olive baboon (Papio anubis): a longitudinal study from birth to adulthood

Effect of body mass distribution on the ontogeny of positional behaviors in non‐human primates: Longitudinal follow‐up of infant captive olive baboons (Papio anubis)

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