Biphenol-A Polycarbonate Immersed in Organic Media. Swelling and Response to Stress

Kambour, R. P.; Grüner, Christoph; Romagosa, E. E.

doi:10.1021/ma60038a018

Cited by 93 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The presence of solvents and stresses can also decrease the surface energy required to form a craze and/or decrease the flow stress due to plasticization at the craze tips. For example, solvent crazing of glassy polymers (e.g., polycarbonate) can create a bulk plasticization effect due to the stress-induced adsorption 26,27 . In the case of wood, moisture or other plasticizers drastically affect the glass transitions of the amorphous parts (lignin and hemicellulose).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic polyolefins as formaldehyde free binders in highly filled lignocellulosic panel boards: using glycerine as a processing aid in kenaf fiber polypropylene boards

Sanadi

Caulfield²

2008

Mat. Res.

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A new technique was developed to make highly loaded (up to 95%) formaldehyde free natural fiber boards. The purpose of the paper is to report a broad study on 85% kenaf boards using linear thermoplastic polymers as the binder in preparing the boards to determine if these materials have potential in commercial applications by comparing them to other commercial materials. In these materials, linear thermoplastic polymer chains act as an adhesive and the product resembles a typical wood based panel (e.g., phenol formaldehyde fiber board). The process involved the use of small amount of glycerine in the fiber to enhance processibility in a thermo-kinetic mixer followed by hot pressing. In this paper, we report the properties of 85% by weight kenaf fiber boards using polypropylene as the adhesive. A maleated polypropylene was used to improve the adhesion and stress transfer between the adhesive and kenaf fiber. The addition of 2% by weight of glycerine based on the dry weight of kenaf fiber resulted in the best properties of the boards. Differential scanning calorimetric studies suggested that the glycerine had a little effect on the percent crystallinity of the matrix. Dynamic mechanical tests of the 85% boards showed some differences compared to conventional 60% by weight kenaf-PP composites. The 85% kenaf boards had a flexural strength of 75 MPa and a flexural modulus of 6.8 GPa with a specific gravity of 1.24. These properties are comparable to standard formaldehyde free high density hardboards with flexural strengths of 48.3 MPa and flexural modulus of 5.5 GPa, and a specific gravity of 1.28. This paper gives a broad overview of an initial study of these new materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic polyolefins as formaldehyde free binders in highly filled lignocellulosic panel boards: using glycerine as a processing aid in kenaf fiber polypropylene boards

Sanadi

Caulfield²

2008

Mat. Res.

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“…Using Eq. 11 to evaluate the T g depression induced by liquid absorption at 25 C in PC, with the solubility data given by Kambour et al, 48 one obtains that for PC T g decreases from 159 to 154 C in the presence of water and to 50 C in the presence of ethanol. For PSf, in the presence of water at 25 C, T g varies from 185 to 174 C. In all the above cases, therefore, the polymer matrices remain glassy and the nonequilibrium approach must be adopted in the entire penetrant activity range to describe the solubility of water in PC and in PSf and of ethanol in PC.…”

Section: Estimation Of T G Depressionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Calculation of the solubility of liquid solutes in glassy polymers

Sarti

Angelis

2011

AIChE Journal

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in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).The solubility of liquid molecules in glassy polymers has been considered by using the general results of the Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Glassy Polymers (NET-GP), which proved successful to calculate solubility isotherms of gases in glassy polymers for rather different situations, including polymer blends, mixed gases, and mixed matrices. It is shown that the existing model is suitable also for liquid penetrants in a glassy phase: water and ethanol sorption in polycarbonate (PC) and water sorption in polysulfone (PSf) have been examined as examples. The model's ability to predict the solubility from both liquid and vapor phases was tested successfully, using the same values of the parameters for both phases. In the case of PC, the model was also applied to calculate successfully the solubility of liquid water at different temperatures from 25 to 130 C, with a single value of the energetic binary parameter.

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“…As mentioned in Introduction, the chemical stress crack phenomenon has been proposed to be governed by the affinity between the plastic material and attached solvent, and by the diffusivity of the solvent into the materials. [11][12][13][14][15][16] In the above section, we have pointed out that the miscibility of HIPS/PO system depends on the molecular weight of PO. Therefore it should be reasonable that high molecular weight grease is inert against HIPS because of its bad miscibility and slow diffusivity.…”

Section: Chemical Stress Crack Testmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16] from the chamber. It should be noted that the used grease has ability for lubricating, so slipping between the melted polymer and chamber wall was occurred easily, and it was difficult to obtain homogeneous mixture sample with high grease content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miscibility and Mechanical Properties of High-Impact Polystyrene Blended with Poly(α-olefin) Grease

Inomata

Ogiso

Kobayashi

et al. 2011

J. Soc. Rheol., Jpn

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Small amount of impurities or contaminations in recycled plastic have a possibility to influence on mechanical properties of product. In this study, miscibility and mechanical properties of melt-blended high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and poly(a-olefin) (PO)-based grease have been investigated. We have focused attention on the molecular weight (M w ) of PO, and the range of M w for PO in the used greases was 690-8,500. Changes of glass transition temperature were observed for polystyrene and polybutadiene phases in the HIPS/grease blends, that indicated small amount of PO was solubilized into HIPS. When M w of PO was higher than 5,000, insoluble excess PO acted as lubricant, and sample preparation was difficult since slipping between the polymer and chamber wall or screw occurred during melt blending. By this limitation in solubility of HIPS/grease, depression of mechanical properties such as flexural modulus and strength for the obtained blends was not remarkable. On the other hand, blends with high grease content could be obtained for PO with low M w because of its good solubility with HIPS, as the result, their flexural properties were highly deteriorated than the original HIPS. Therefore, the grease containing high molecular weight PO has a smaller influence on the mechanical properties of HIPS/grease because of the limitation in solubility. Results of chemical stress crack tests for HIPS/grease were also explained by the miscibility of PO with HIPS.

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Biphenol-A Polycarbonate Immersed in Organic Media. Swelling and Response to Stress

Cited by 93 publications

References 2 publications

Thermoplastic polyolefins as formaldehyde free binders in highly filled lignocellulosic panel boards: using glycerine as a processing aid in kenaf fiber polypropylene boards

Thermoplastic polyolefins as formaldehyde free binders in highly filled lignocellulosic panel boards: using glycerine as a processing aid in kenaf fiber polypropylene boards

Calculation of the solubility of liquid solutes in glassy polymers

Miscibility and Mechanical Properties of High-Impact Polystyrene Blended with Poly(α-olefin) Grease

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