The article presents an approach to the three-dimensional reconstruction of vertebral column based on shape matching. Technique is established on the basis of marching cubes algorithm, through the rotated transformation and perspective projection toward every 3D model of vertebration, the projection drawing which is similar to the corresponding vertebration in the computed tomography is formed. Then, through the matching of the projection drawing and the corresponding vertebration in the CT, we can obtain the experimental result by adjust rotation parameters according to the matching outcome. The last step is to record the rotation parameters α, β and the translation parameters h, v, and by justifying the according parameter of the vertebration model in the standard vertebral column model based upon the circumgyrate of every vertebra and the translation parameters, the post-model of vertebration is reconstructed by means of visualization technology. The experimental result turned out that the reconstructed 3D model has a commendable matching attribute and meticulous accuracy compared with the real spinal column. Even the quality of the experimental CT is not so satisfied, the technique can still process match and reestablish the exact model column.