“…Bipolar disorder is a recurrent episodic mood disorder, with a predominantly genetic basis, characterized by episodes of mania or hypomania, depression, and mixed mood states (American Psychiatric Association, 2013;World Health Organization, 1992). The primary treatment for bipolar disorder is pharmacological, and involves initial treatment of acute manic, hypomanic, or mixed episodes with second generation antipsychotic medication, and subsequent prevention of further episodes with mood-stabilizing medication, especially lithium (Leibenluft and Dickstein, 2015). Bipolar disorder typically first occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood and its course, even when treated with mood-stabilizing medication, is significantly affected by stressful life events and family circumstances on the one hand, and family support on the other.…”