Bipolar mania and plasma amino acids: Increased levels of glycine

Hoekstra, Rosa A.; Fekkes, Durk; Loonen, Anton J. M.; Pepplinkhuizen, L.; Tuinier, S.; Verhoeven, W.M.A.

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.06.003

Cited by 55 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Altamura et al [10] reported that there was no significant alteration of plasma Asp levels in untreated depressed patients. It should be noted, however, that their patients included BD subjects, while there was a study showing a significant increase both in plasma Glu and Gly in BD patients during the manic phase [19]. Mauri et al [12] also reported no significant changes in plasma Asp and Gly levels, but they studied non-melancholic MDD patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased plasma neuroactive amino acids and increased nitric oxide levels in melancholic major depressive disorder

Shi

et al. 2014

BMC Psychiatry

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BackgroundAmino acid neurotransmitters and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Here we want to establish whether changes in their plasma levels may serve as biomarker for the melancholic subtype of this disorder.MethodsPlasma levels of glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), glycine (Gly), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and NO were determined in 27 medicine-naïve melancholic MDD patients and 30 matched controls. Seven of the MDD patients participated also in a follow-up study after 2 months’ antidepressant treatment. The relationship between plasma and cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) levels of these compounds was analyzed in an additional group of 10 non-depressed subjects.ResultsThe plasma levels of Asp, Gly and GABA were significantly lower whereas the NO levels were significantly higher in melancholic MDD patients, also after 2 months of fluoxetine treatment. In the additional 10 non-depressed subjects, no significant correlation was observed between plasma and CSF levels of these compounds.ConclusionThese data give the first indication that decreased plasma levels of Asp, Gly and GABA and increased NO levels may serve as a clinical trait-marker for melancholic MDD. The specificity and selectivity of this putative trait-marker has to be investigated in follow-up studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased plasma neuroactive amino acids and increased nitric oxide levels in melancholic major depressive disorder

Shi

et al. 2014

BMC Psychiatry

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“…Since psychotropics and mood stabilizers like e.g. antidepressants and valproic acid have been demonstrated to affect levels of amino acids [23,24] , a group of 12 patients using only lithium (MBP-I) was composed from the symptomatic BP-I group. Interim analysis showed no effect of the plasma level of lithium on the biochemical parameters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since most of the patients from the bipolar groups were treated with psychotropics and mood stabilizers other than lithium, and these compounds are known to modify the here studied biochemical parameters [23][24][25][26][27] , symptomatic bipolar patients on monotherapy with lithium were compared to the euthymic monolithium bipolar patient control group. Analyses of the biochemical parameters in the monolithium symptomatic subgroup revealed similar results with respect to decreased neopterin levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide and Neopterin in Bipolar Affective Disorder

et al. 2006

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Background: There is an increasing interest in the role of nitric oxide (NO) and pterines in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. The results so far show an inconsistent pattern. Methods: In the present study, neopterin and a measure of NO synthesis in plasma of symptomatic and euthymic bipolar affective patients were compared to those of patients with a major depression and healthy controls. As an index of NO synthesis, the ratio of the amino acids citrulline and arginine (Cit-Arg ratio) was calculated. Neopterin is a bypass product in the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, which is a cofactor of NO synthase. Results: The results indicate that both neopterin and the Cit-Arg ratio are decreased in bipolar affective patients, irrespective of their symptomatic status. In addition, an association between the values of the Cit-Arg ratio and the neopterin level was observed, which is suggestive for a low tetrahydrobiopterin activity. Conclusion: NO formation may be endangered in bipolar affective disorder.

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“…Comparing to schizophrenia patients and healthy cohorts, lower Glu, NAA, Cr and Inositol in patients with BDd suggested that a possible location-specific abnormality was existed in the dominant hemisphere of auditory cortices in patients with BDd11. As the main excitatory transmitter in the human brain, altered Glx was found in gray matter areas of patients with BDd1213. NAA, considering close associations with the energetics of mitochondria and neuronal loss, has been found decreased in patients with BDd and UDd141516.…”

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confidence: 95%

Main Effects of Diagnoses, Brain Regions, and their Interaction Effects for Cerebral Metabolites in Bipolar and Unipolar Depressive Disorders

Tan

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Previous studies suggested patients with bipolar depressive disorder (BDd) or unipolar depressive disorder (UDd) have cerebral metabolites abnormalities. These abnormalities may stem from multiple sub-regions of gray matter in brain regions. Thirteen BDd patients, 20 UDd patients and 20 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled to investigate these abnormalities. Absolute concentrations of 5 cerebral metabolites (glutamate-glutamine (Glx), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (mI), creatine (Cr), parietal cortex (PC)) were measured from 4 subregions (the medial frontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and parietal cortex (PC)) of gray matter. Main and interaction effects of cerebral metabolites across subregions of gray matter were evaluated. For example, the Glx was significantly higher in BDd compared with UDd, and so on. As the interaction analyses showed, some interaction effects existed. The concentrations of BDds’ Glx, Cho, Cr in the ACC and HCs’ mI and Cr in the PC were higher than that of other interaction effects. In addition, the concentrations of BDds’ Glx and Cr in the PC and HCs’ mI in the ACC were statistically significant lower than that of other interaction effects. These findings point to region-related abnormalities of cerebral metabolites across subjects with BDd and UDd.

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Bipolar mania and plasma amino acids: Increased levels of glycine

Cited by 55 publications

References 47 publications

Decreased plasma neuroactive amino acids and increased nitric oxide levels in melancholic major depressive disorder

Decreased plasma neuroactive amino acids and increased nitric oxide levels in melancholic major depressive disorder

Nitric Oxide and Neopterin in Bipolar Affective Disorder

Main Effects of Diagnoses, Brain Regions, and their Interaction Effects for Cerebral Metabolites in Bipolar and Unipolar Depressive Disorders

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