Bir1 Deletion Causes Malfunction of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint and Apoptosis in Yeast

Ren, Qun; Liou, Liang-Chun; Gao, Qinghai; Bao, Xinhe; Zhang, Zhaojie

doi:10.3389/fonc.2012.00093

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In support, exposing mitotic cells to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) to mimic ROS, induces mitotic slippage and the formation of hypertetraploid cells ( 64 ). The mechanism for this slippage is yet to be full elucidated, however, in yeast, H 2 O 2 exposure depletes the SAC protein BubR1 from kinetochores, silencing the SAC allowing cells to exit mitosis prematurely ( 65 ). In addition, H 2 O 2 also depolymerizes microtubules ( 66 ), which results in need for higher doses of Taxol to stabilize microtubules and induce cell death ( 67 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stressing Mitosis to Death

2014

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The final stage of cell division (mitosis), involves the compaction of the duplicated genome into chromatid pairs. Each pair is captured by microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, aligned at the metaphase plate, and then faithfully segregated to form two identical daughter cells. Chromatids that are not correctly attached to the spindle are detected by the constitutively active spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Any stress that prevents correct bipolar spindle attachment, blocks the satisfaction of the SAC, and induces a prolonged mitotic arrest, providing the cell time to obtain attachment and complete segregation correctly. Unfortunately, during mitosis repairing damage is not generally possible due to the compaction of DNA into chromosomes, and subsequent suppression of gene transcription and translation. Therefore, in the presence of significant damage cell death is instigated to ensure that genomic stability is maintained. While most stresses lead to an arrest in mitosis, some promote premature mitotic exit, allowing cells to bypass mitotic cell death. This mini-review will focus on the effects and outcomes that common stresses have on mitosis, and how this impacts on the efficacy of mitotic chemotherapies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stressing Mitosis to Death

2014

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“…Under oxidative stress, however, the yeast Bir1 becomes a substrate for Nma111, the homologue of the human pro-apoptotic serine protease Omi/HtrA2BIR1, which mediates apoptotic cell death 40 . Deletion of BIR1 also causes malfunction of the spindle assembly checkpoint and apoptosis 41 , suggesting a possible connection between the functions in checkpoint regulation and anti-apoptosis.…”

Section: The “Non-essential” Functions Of the Essential Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why are essential genes essential? - The essentiality of Saccharomyces genes

Zhang¹,

Ren²

2015

MIC

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Essential genes are defined as required for the survival of an organism or a cell. They are of particular interests, not only for their essential biological functions, but also in practical applications, such as identifying effective drug targets to pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has approximately 6,000 open reading frames, 15 to 20% of which are deemed as essential. Some of the essential genes, however, appear to perform non-essential functions, such as aging and cell death, while many of the non-essential genes play critical roles in cell survival. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed the levels of essentiality of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes and have grouped the genes into four categories: (1) Conditional essential: essential only under certain circumstances or growth conditions; (2) Essential: required for survival under optimal growth conditions; (3) Redundant essential: synthetic lethal due to redundant pathways or gene duplication; and (4) Absolute essential: the minimal genes required for maintaining a cellular life under a stress-free environment. The essential and non-essential functions of the essential genes were further analyzed.

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“…The degron collection covers 94% of yeast essential genes and is available in both a haploid and diploid GAL1-UBR1 strain that produces Ubr1 protein for recognition of the degron at shifting temperatures [45]. Heat-inducible degrons have been used to study many essential gene functions in cytokinesis [48], spindle assembly [49] and the cell cycle [50]. Though these degrons have proven useful in advancing our knowledge of essential gene functions, they also possess several disadvantages for large-scale applications.…”

Section: Temperature-regulated Mutant Allele Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutant power: using mutant allele collections for yeast functional genomics

Norman¹,

Kumar²

2015

Briefings in Functional Genomics

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The budding yeast has long served as a model eukaryote for the functional genomic analysis of highly conserved signaling pathways, cellular processes and mechanisms underlying human disease. The collection of reagents available for genomics in yeast is extensive, encompassing a growing diversity of mutant collections beyond gene deletion sets in the standard wild-type S288C genetic background. We review here three main types of mutant allele collections: transposon mutagen collections, essential gene collections and overexpression libraries. Each collection provides unique and identifiable alleles that can be utilized in genome-wide, high-throughput studies. These genomic reagents are particularly informative in identifying synthetic phenotypes and functions associated with essential genes, including those modeled most effectively in complex genetic backgrounds. Several examples of genomic studies in filamentous/pseudohyphal backgrounds are provided here to illustrate this point. Additionally, the limitations of each approach are examined. Collectively, these mutant allele collections in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the related pathogenic yeast Candida albicans promise insights toward an advanced understanding of eukaryotic molecular and cellular biology.

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Bir1 Deletion Causes Malfunction of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint and Apoptosis in Yeast

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Stressing Mitosis to Death

Stressing Mitosis to Death

Why are essential genes essential? - The essentiality of Saccharomyces genes

Mutant power: using mutant allele collections for yeast functional genomics

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