Bird attack on milk bottles: possible mode of transmission of Campylobacter jejuni to man

Southern, Jo; Smith, Rob; Palmer, S.R.

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)93114-5

Cited by 62 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our findings support those of workers in Bridgend who carried out a study in May 1990 which demonstrated that there is a strong association between campylobacter infection and doorstep delivery of milk bottles; a history of milk bottle attack by birds and consumption of milk from attacked bottles during the week before illness [4]. In addition we were also able to obtain evidence of microbiological contamination of pecked milk bottles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Preliminary results from South Wales have provided further evidence of a link between human campylobacter infection and drinking milk from pecked bottles [4]. We now report in full the results of our investigation which was carried out during the months of April to June 1990.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Videographic evidence was obtained during the course of the study of magpies tearing tops off milk bottles, and as has been reported elsewhere [4] they have been seen tearing rubbish bags open. When examined corvids' beaks were found to be covered with organic material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Jackdaws and magpies as vectors of milkborne human campylobacter infection

et al. 1991

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SUMMARYIn 1990 we reported that milk bottles pecked by jackdaws and magpies were a probable source of human campylobacter infection. During April to June 1990 an extended study of campylobacter infections was carried out in the Gateshead area. Prior to the study a health education programme was undertaken in an attempt to reduce human infection. Fifty-nine cases of human infection were recorded and 52 were interviewed. Thirty were entered into a case control study which demonstrated a very strong association between consumption of pecked milk and human campylobacter infection (X2 = 12 6, P < 00004). It was estimated that between 500 and 1000 jackdaws (Corvus monedula) were present in the area where milk bottles were pecked and 63 isolates of campylobacter were made from the bill and cloaca. Target bottles were put out in the early mornings and campylobacters were isolated from 12 of 123 pecked bottles. Typing of the campylobacters revealed a wide distribution of strains amongst birds, pecked milk and human infections. The health education programme had only limited success.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Jackdaws and magpies as vectors of milkborne human campylobacter infection

et al. 1991

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“…Infection has been shown to be associated with contact with dogs, especially puppies with diarrhoea [11]. Recent studies have demonstrated that the consumption of doorstep delivered milk that had been pecked by magpies or jackdaws [12,13], is a risk factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Public Health Laboratory Service national case-control study of primary indigenous sporadic cases of campylobacter infection

Adak¹,

Cowden²,

Nicholas³

et al. 1995

Epidemiol. Infect.

192

139

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SUMMARYThe aetiology of sporadic campylobacter infection was investigated by means of a multicentre case-control study. During the course of the study 598 cases and their controls were interviewed.Conditional logistic regressional analysis of the data collected showed that occupational exposure to raw meat (odds ratio [OR] 9 37; 95 % confidence intervals [CI] 2 03, 43 3), having a household with a pet with diarrhoea (OR 2-39; CI 1P09, 5 25), and ingesting untreated water from lakes, rivers and streams (OR 4 16; CI 1.45, 11.9) were significant independent risk factors for becoming ill with campylobacter. Handling any whole chicken in the domestic kitchen that had been bought raw with giblets, or eating any dish cooked from chicken of this type in the home (OR 0 41-0-44; CI 0-24, 0 79) and occupational contact with livestock or their faeces (OR 0 44; CI 0-21, 0 92) were significantly associated with a decrease in the risk of becoming ill with campylobacter.

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“…Such occurrences are rare and pasteurized milk has an enviable safety record. Recent reports [9][10][11] have indicated that consumption of milk from bottles pecked by corvid birds, principally magpies (Pica pica) and jackdaws (Corvus monedula) is significantly associated with sporadic cases of campylobacter enteritis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A point source outbreak of campylobacter infection related to bird-pecked milk

1993

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SUMMARYA point source outbreak of Carnpylobacter jejuni affected 11 children in a day nursery. Milk consumed by the children was known to have been pecked by magpies on occasions. Illness was significantly associated with consumption of milk on a single morning. Examination of milk from a bottle pecked after the outbreak yielded campylobacters. The level of contamination was approximately six cells of C. jejuni per 500 ml of milk.

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Bird attack on milk bottles: possible mode of transmission of Campylobacter jejuni to man

Cited by 62 publications

References 14 publications

Jackdaws and magpies as vectors of milkborne human campylobacter infection

Jackdaws and magpies as vectors of milkborne human campylobacter infection

The Public Health Laboratory Service national case-control study of primary indigenous sporadic cases of campylobacter infection

A point source outbreak of campylobacter infection related to bird-pecked milk

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