Bird community responses along urban–rural gradients: Does the size of the urbanized area matter?

Garaffa, Pablo I.; Filloy, Julieta; Bellocq, M. Isabel

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.004

Cited by 132 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In Finland, zig-zag walks through study plots of 30 ha were conducted (see Jokimäki & Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki 2003), whereas in Argentina, between five and nine transects of 100 m long and 50 m wide separated by at least 200 m (about 35 ha of extension) were surveyed in each study plot. Surveys using a single visit are an accepted method in urban areas (Jokimäki & Suhonen 1998;Garaffa et al 2008). For example, according to Jokimäki and Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki (2003), the results based on the single-visit survey are highly comparable to the results obtained during the five-visit survey conducted during the winter in urban areas.…”

Section: Bird Surveysmentioning

confidence: 81%

Scale dependence of biotic homogenisation by urbanisation: a comparison of urban bird communities between central Argentina and northern Finland

Leveau¹,

Jokimäki²,

Kaisanlahti‐Jokimäki³

2017

European Journal of Ecology

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Recent studies showed contrasting results about the homogenising force of urbanisation on bird community composition at large and regional scales. We studied whether urbanisation promotes the homogenisation of wintering bird communities and if this varies when comparing towns located within a specific region and towns located in two different biomes of two countries. We used both similarity indices based on the presence/absence data and the abundance data in comparing communities. Processes governing bird community dissimilarity between urbanisation levels were examined with the partitioning of Sörensen index in species turnover and nestedness. We made bird surveys in town centres and suburban habitats of three cities located in the Pampean region of Argentina and in the boreal region of Finland using a single-visit study plot method. Rarefacted species richness did not differ amongst the town centres between the countries, but it was higher in the suburban areas of Argentina than in Finland. At the country-level comparison, we found a higher similarity amongst the town centres than amongst the suburban areas; whereas at the regional comparison, similarity between town centres was comparable to the similarity between suburban areas. The use of an abundance-based index produced a higher similarity between town centre communities of both countries than when using a presence-based index. The dissimilarity between habitats in Argentina was related to nestedness and to species turnover in Finland. Our results indicate that urban-based biotic homogenisation of bird communities is dependent on the scale used, being more evident when comparing cities of different biomes where the same and abundant bird species, such as sparrows and doves, dominate. At the regional scale, quite a high beta-diversity can still be found within urban habitats. Processes of community dissimilarity between urban habitats may differ according to the regional pool of species, being more related to nestedness toward the tropics.

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Section: Bird Surveysmentioning

confidence: 81%

Scale dependence of biotic homogenisation by urbanisation: a comparison of urban bird communities between central Argentina and northern Finland

Leveau¹,

Jokimäki²,

Kaisanlahti‐Jokimäki³

2017

European Journal of Ecology

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“…Natural; Table 2) data from each point count station and their distance from the city centre (Garaffa et al, 2009;Du Toit and Cilliers, 2011). We then used the first two factors resulting from the PCA to correlate the gradient with the community parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each point count station was placed entirely within a green area. Hence, (Fuller and Langslow, 1984;Bibby and Burgess, 1992;Sorace et al, 2000), reduced to 5 for point count from the original 10' and repeated twice during the breeding season in 2005 (early period: March-April; late period: May-June) (Garaffa et al, 2009;Gagné and Fahrig, 2011). In order to optimise our data set we surveyed early and late breeders and also species with different phenology (migrant and resident species).…”

Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural–urban gradient and land use in a millenary metropolis: how urbanization affects avian functional groups and the role of old villas in bird assemblage patterning

2013

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Abstract. Urbanization generally leads to a complex environmental gradient, ranging from almost undisturbed natural areas to highly modified urban landscapes. Here we analyse the effects of a rural-urban gradient on breeding bird communities and functional species groups in remnant natural and semi-natural areas of Rome. A total of 69 breeding bird species were found in the study area. Species richness decreased with increasing urbanization at two spatial scales: the point count station and the landscape scales. Evenness showed a negative trend from periphery to city centre, whereas for dominant species the opposite was true. Functional species groups responded to the urbanization gradient with functional group-specific patterns. Those groups linked to open habitats (nesting and habitat functional groups) decreased in abundance along the rural-urban gradient, whereas those associated with forests exhibited a mixed trend. Generalist species' occurrence increased with urbanization. As for predators and granivorous species, we found a negative relationship with urbanization whereas for omnivorous species the opposite trend was true. The distribution of old villas (largesized remnant green areas) in the inner city areas influenced species composition along the studied gradient, usually showing higher species richness than surrounding fragments. Agricultural areas hosted richer and better balanced bird assemblages in respect to those found in urban and forested areas. Our findings proved that an urban gradient plays a major role in structuring bird communities, although the extent and distribution of land use categories was another factor that influenced avian assemblages. The presence of historical villas also influenced bird assemblages, making it possible to preserve high bird diversity even in inner city-areas.

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“…A abundância tende a ser maior em níveis intermediários de urbanização (Garaffa et al, 2009;Villegas & Garitano-Zavala, 2010) ou apresenta o seu valor máximo em altas intensidades de urbanização (Clergeau et al, 1998). Um dos motivos é o aumento na abundância de espécies sinantrópicas (Donnelly & Marzluff, 2006), sugerindo que comunidades de aves tornam-se cada vez mais densas, porém empobrecidas à medida que aumenta a intensidade de urbanização.…”

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Perda de diversidade taxonômica e funcional de aves em área urbana no sul do Brasil

Sacco

Rui

Bergmann

et al. 2015

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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ABSTRACT. Reduction in taxonomic and functional bird diversity in an urban area in Southern Brazil. Urbanization is a globally process studied and considered one of the most drastic environmental disturb on biodiversity. This study aimed to evaluate how different intensities of urbanization act in the structure of birds in a medium size city inserted in a wetland area. In addition to the traditional metrics richness, abundance and taxonomic composition, it was found as the functional diversity and redundancy of birds are influenced by urban gradient. The urban area studied was the Pelotas city (31°46''S, 52°20'W) situated at the southernmost part of Brazil in a humid region of Pampa biome. A total of 216 fixed observation points along an urbanization gradient were used to sample the avifauna and four independent variables: number of trees, number of buildings with two or more floors, presence of aquatic habitat, and presence of open habitat. Functional traits of species characterized the biomass, diet, forage substrate and nesting substrate. The richness, abundance and functional diversity of avifauna were negatively related to the increase of urban intensity while the redundancy, different from the expected, did not respond to the urban gradient. The traits related to the areas with more intense urbanization (building with two or more floors) were: preference for foraging in the air, omnivory and cavity nesting. Areas with less intense urbanization (more trees and open habitats) were related to the preference for nesting on vegetation and in lower sites, and carnivory. The study showed the importance of the presence of open and aquatic habitats for the avifauna, landscape features typically not cited in urban studies, which highlight the need to adequate the mitigation actions for conservation efforts inside urban habitats according to the regional pool of species.KEYWORDS. Biotic homogenization, Rao's functional diversity, wetlands, Pampa biome. RESUMO.A urbanização é um processo globalmente estudado e considerado um dos distúrbios mais drásticos sobre a biodiversidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar como diferentes intensidades de urbanização atuam na estruturação da avifauna em uma cidade de tamanho médio e inserida em região de área úmida. Além das métricas tradicionais de riqueza, abundância e composição taxonômica, verificou-se como a diversidade e redundâncias funcionais das aves são influenciadas pelo gradiente urbano. A área urbana estudada foi a cidade de Pelotas (31°46'S, 52°20'W), extremo sul do Brasil, que está inserida em uma área úmida do bioma Pampa. A amostragem das aves e a medida das variáveis urbanas (número de árvores, número de construções de até dois andares ou de mais de dois andares, presença de ambiente aquático e presença de ambiente aberto) foram realizadas em 216 pontos fixos de observação que foram marcados em diferentes intensidades de urbanização. Os atributos funcionais utilizados para caracterizar as espécies foram os relacionados à massa, dieta, substrato de forrageame...

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Bird community responses along urban–rural gradients: Does the size of the urbanized area matter?

Cited by 132 publications

References 36 publications

Scale dependence of biotic homogenisation by urbanisation: a comparison of urban bird communities between central Argentina and northern Finland

Scale dependence of biotic homogenisation by urbanisation: a comparison of urban bird communities between central Argentina and northern Finland

Rural–urban gradient and land use in a millenary metropolis: how urbanization affects avian functional groups and the role of old villas in bird assemblage patterning

Perda de diversidade taxonômica e funcional de aves em área urbana no sul do Brasil

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