“…The latter results from information collected in a few provinces according to their accessibility. When extrapolated to the whole of this large country, local specificities of habitats have rarely been taken into account, such as forest type (Murhabale et al, 2021), savannah, miombos, climate, accessibility, anthropogenic activities (Kisasa, 2012 ;Liyandja et al, 2015), soil type (Kisasa & Aloni, 2011), and regulations on biodiversity management (Voelker et al, 2012). Monitoring the evolution of avian stands over time thus becomes a challenging and complex task in these large ecosystems.…”