Birefringence and polarization rotation in resonant x-ray diffraction

Joly, Yves; Collins, Stephen P.; Grenier, Stéphane; Tolentino, H.; Santis, M. De

doi:10.1103/physrevb.86.220101

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We have previously introduced the integral over the depth from the surface down to the scattering volume to obtain the total signal in Ref. [6] (see also the corresponding figure in the same paper). We define q = 2 sinθ B cosα q /sin(θ B + α q )sin(θ B − α q ), where α q is the angle between the normal to the surface and Q. μ 0 is the isotropic linear absorption coefficient at the absorption edge energy.…”

Section: E Birefringence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies of Templeton and Templeton on the polarization dependence [2], of Dmitrienko [3] and of Finkelstein [4] on forbidden reflections, and on processes involving nonsimple dipole transitions by Templeton and Templeton [5] are exemplary. More recently, we have shown that birefringence can also influence the polarization change in a "dynamical" diffraction process [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chirality, birefringence, and polarization effects inα-quartzstudied by resonant elastic x-ray scattering

et al. 2014

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We show that enantiomers are extremely sensitive to the quality of the light polarization in resonant elastic x-ray scattering experiments. In α-quartz, the (001) reflection shows a very strong sensitivity to a small fraction of linear component included in nominally circularly polarized light. This fraction induces an important phase difference between the angular dependence of the recorded intensity from each enantiomer. We are thus able to model all aspects of the resonant scattering and determine the dominant physics, extract the crystal chirality, and obtain very precise values for the Stokes polarization parameters. Effects of birefringence and of higher-order electric transitions are also quantified and it is shown that in comparison they are negligible.

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Section: E Birefringence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chirality, birefringence, and polarization effects inα-quartzstudied by resonant elastic x-ray scattering

et al. 2014

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“…With the introduction of the FDMNES code by Joly et al . , which is based on the Finite Difference Method (FDM) and solves Schrödinger's equation for a cluster of atomic potentials, a formalism beyond the muffin‐tin approximation with highly improved accuracy for the X‐ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectral region was derived. Further enhancement could be made by the implementation of self‐consistency of electronic states and effective potential (see e.g .…”

Section: History and Present Statusmentioning

confidence: 97%

Probing a crystal's short‐range structure and local orbitals by Resonant X‐ray Diffraction methods

Zschornak

Richter

Nentwich

et al. 2014

Crystal Research and Technology

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Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure (DAFS) combines the long‐range, crystallographic sensitivity of X‐ray diffraction with the short‐range sensitivity of X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). In comparison to other spectroscopic methods, DAFS can additionally distinguish phases of different translational symmetry by choice of momentum transfer, or isolate spectra from chemically identical atoms on various Wyckoff sites of a crystal's structure using crystallographic weights. The Anisotropy of Anomalous Scattering (AAS) extends the concept of isotropically scattering atoms to a more general case, where the atom's scattering characteristics depend on the polarization as well as the wavevector of the incident and scattered X‐rays. These can be written as tensors that reflect the local site symmetries of the resonant atom. Forbidden Reflection Near‐Edge Diffraction (FRED) is an elegant way to measure AAS by using reflections that are extinguished in the special case of isotropically scattering atoms. They can only be observed due to the non‐isotropic contributions at photon energies in the vicinity of an absorption edge where electronic transitions occur. Combining the site selectivity of DAFS with the information accessible through AAS allows probing the short‐range order and local orbitals of selected atoms in a crystal structure of a chosen phase. The present condensed review gives a brief overview on the pioneer work, the theory and sensitivities as well as selected recent applications of these powerful and promising Resonant X‐ray Diffraction (RXD) methods. Additionally, some recent work of the authors is included exemplarily for the model structure rutile TiO2 presenting the progress in measurement and interpretation.

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“…However, even this is very controversial, with Joly et al 31 reinterpreting the Oxford data in simpler terms of birefringence. In addition to the pure physics interest in such phenomena, CuO has two other very attractive properties: its diatomic lattice is more amenable to theoretical modeling than are the complex structures of hexaferrites or Aurivilius layer Figure 1 (a, b) Crystallographic structure of CuO.…”

Section: Copper Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PFW/PZT system was studied in some detail both theoretically and experimentally [31][32][33] and exhibits a polarization P(H) that is strongly dependent upon magnetic field (H), collapsing abruptly for H near 1.0 T ( Figure 5). However, the data on dielectric loss e 0 (H) ( Figure 6) show that this is because H changes the response time of the system, and hence this is a purely relaxational dynamic effect.…”

Section: Lead-iron Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-temperature multiferroic magnetoelectrics

2013

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A short review is given of the recent work on single-phase crystals that are ferroelectric and ferromagnetic at or near room temperature. BiFeO 3 is mentioned only briefly, because it has been reviewed in detail elsewhere very recently; emphasis instead is on copper oxide, perovskite oxides with mixed B-site occupancy (such as Pb(Fe 1/2 Ta 1/2 ) x (Zr y Ti INTRODUCTIONMultiferroics are usually defined as single-phase crystals exhibiting at the same temperature and pressure both ferromagnetism (or antiferromagnetism) and ferroelectricity (or antiferroelectricity). As most ferroelectrics are also ferroelastic 1 (hysteretic stress-strain relationships), the 'multi-ferro' label often includes three coupled order parameters. (As a peripheral comment, we note that it is necessary and sufficient 2 for a ferroelectric to be ferroelastic if its phase transition changes the crystal class-for example, from orthorhombic to tetragonal-treating hexagonal and trigonal as a single super-class. Examples of nonferroelastic ferroelectrics include KTiOPO 4 and LiNbO 3 , whose ferroelectric transitions are, respectively, orhorhombic-orthorhombic and trigonal-trigonal.)The interest in multiferroics at present is growing rapidly, and the interest is twofold: from a fundamental point of view the coupling between spins and lattices in crystals-between magnetism and ferroelectricity and/or structural phase transitions-has been recognized as complex and fascinating for several decades, generally requiring low-symmetry materials that were carefully avoided in earlier days of solid state theory. A good reason why it is presented in the elegant work by Schmid and Trooster 3 on the boracites: These materials (for example, nickel-iodine boracite) are multiferroic only at cryogenic temperatures and grow in needle-like structures, making them impractical for commercial device applications; and theoretically they exhibit low symmetry (monoclinic or triclinic) and have as many as 96 atoms per unit cell, making them theoretically formidable. Despite these drawbacks, multiferroics present a possible avenue for the next generation of computer digital memories, combining at least in principle, the high-speed and low-power consumption 4,5 of a ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) with the nondestructive READ operation of a magnetic RAM. We discuss below why these goals will not be easy to achieve in commercial products:The most serious problems are operational temperature (most multiferroics operate well below ambient) and magnitudes of magnetization (all multiferroics with reasonably high operating temperatures are weak ferromagnets-canted antiferromagnetswhereas a strong ferromagnet is desired), and the switched polarization is also extremely weak. The polarization in most multiferroics is so weak that authors measure it in nC m À2 rather than the older customary mC cm À2 . Keep in mind that equally good SI units would be C hectare À1 for these multiferroics, a value far lower than the roughly 1 mC cm À2 required by a computer memory sense ampl...

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Birefringence and polarization rotation in resonant x-ray diffraction

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Chirality, birefringence, and polarization effects inα-quartzstudied by resonant elastic x-ray scattering

Chirality, birefringence, and polarization effects inα-quartzstudied by resonant elastic x-ray scattering

Probing a crystal's short‐range structure and local orbitals by Resonant X‐ray Diffraction methods

Room-temperature multiferroic magnetoelectrics

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