Birefringence control and dimension monitoring of silica-based ridge waveguides using Bragg gratings and ultraviolet irradiation

Dai, Xiaoli; Mihailov, Stephen J.; Callender, Claire L.; Walker, Raymond W.; Blanchetière, Chantal; Jiang, Jiaren

doi:10.1117/1.2138680

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, since only one surface of the waveguide Bragg grating sensor is etched, the sensor has lower sensitivity and strong polarization dependence. In this paper, by using an open top ridge waveguide and inducing a polarization insensitive Bragg grating (PIBG) [6,8], the sensitivity and polarization dependence of the waveguide Bragg grating sensor are improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ridge-waveguide-based polarization insensitive Bragg grating refractometer

Dai

Mihailov

Callender

et al. 2006

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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A highly sensitive waveguide Bragg grating (WBG) sensor for measuring small changes of the refractive index of the surrounding liquid is presented. By using an open top ridge waveguide with a small core, the evanescent field interaction of the guided mode with the liquid analyte on the top of the waveguide is enhanced. The sensitivity measured via a shift in the resonance wavelength of the Bragg grating as high as 1 pm of wavelength shift for a change of 4 × 10−5 in the refractive index around 1.402 is realized. With a polarization insensitive Bragg grating, the polarization dependence of the sensor is improved. A theoretical analysis for the sensitivity of ridge waveguide sensors is given. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ridge-waveguide-based polarization insensitive Bragg grating refractometer

Dai

Mihailov

Callender

et al. 2006

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…Ś TE and Ś TM are the sensitivities of TE and TM modes for the three layer slab prior to waveguide formation / etching. As ń TE ≈n TE and ń TM ≈n TM , the first terms in equations (12) and (13) these results cannot be applied directly to ridge waveguides due to the structural difference of the three layer slab waveguides and the ridge waveguides. The structural characteristic of ridge waveguides have a much more significant impact on the second terms of equations (12) and (13) as is reflected by the presence of parameters a, n g and n t .…”

Section: Substance Under Testmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…By the normalized analysis of a slab waveguide evanescent-wave sensor, the expressions of Ś TE and Ś TM are given in Ref [10][11][12],. and optimization results for all slab waveguide sensors are achieved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of temperature insensitive refractometer

et al. 2006

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Experimentally, in the open-top ridge waveguides, the sensitivities of core and cladding resonances to the surrounding medium's refractive index are different while the temperature sensitivities are similar. Based on these characteristics, a temperature insensitive refractometer has been proposed. To increase the sensitivity of these devices, a theoretical model is developed to investigate the performance of some potential waveguide and Bragg grating structures. Relationships between the waveguide core size, refractive index distribution, tilt angle of the Bragg gratings as well as the relative evanescent sensitivity of the core and cladding modes are examined. As a result, we find that sensitivity can be enhanced by decreasing the waveguide core size, making the effective index of the waveguide close to the expected refractive index of the analyte, and incorporating tilt in the Bragg grating structures. Furthermore, the inclusion of tilt also appears to reduce the grating's birefringence for the waveguide structure examined.

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“…In previous investigations of this approach, however, lack of uniformity of the birefringence in waveguide arrays has limited the scalability [7] and, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of arrays of silica SFWM sources in fs-laser written waveguides with high birefringence. It is well known that etching used for lithographic processes results in waveguides with low birefringence due to the release of layer stress [8,9], which is incompatible with achieving the high-birefringence waveguides required for large spectral detuning and to overcome Raman noise in the photon generation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-birefringence direct UV-written waveguides for use as heralded single-photon sources at telecommunication wavelengths

Posner¹,

Hiemstra²,

Mennea³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

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Direct UV-written waveguides are fabricated in silica-on-silicon with birefringence of (4.9 ± 0.2) × 10 −4 , much greater than previously reported in this platform. We show that these waveguides are suitable for the generation of heralded single photons at telecommunication wavelengths by spontaneous four-wave mixing. A pulsed pump field at 1060 nm generates pairs of photons in highly detuned, spectrally uncorrelated modes near 1550 nm and 800 nm. Waveguide-to-fiber coupling efficiencies of 78-91 % are achieved for all fields. Waveguide birefringence is controlled through dopant concentration of GeCl4 and BCl3 using the flame hydrolysis deposition process. The technology provides a route towards the scalability of silica-on-silicon integrated components for photonic quantum experiments.

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Birefringence control and dimension monitoring of silica-based ridge waveguides using Bragg gratings and ultraviolet irradiation

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Ridge-waveguide-based polarization insensitive Bragg grating refractometer

Ridge-waveguide-based polarization insensitive Bragg grating refractometer

Optimization of temperature insensitive refractometer

High-birefringence direct UV-written waveguides for use as heralded single-photon sources at telecommunication wavelengths

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