Birefringence-like spin transport via linearly polarized antiferromagnetic magnons

Han, Jiahao; Zhang, Pengxiang; Bi, Zhen; Fan, Yabin; Safi, Taqiyyah; Xiang, Junxiang; Finley, Joseph; Fu, Liang; Cheng, Ran; Liu, Luqiao

doi:10.1038/s41565-020-0703-8

Cited by 131 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This long-distance spin-transport in both easy-axis and, in particular, easy-plane antiferromagnets and the observed ultralow magnetic damping are remarkable features. Our findings broaden the class of materials in which one can use to propagate spin information 36 . Not only easy-axis antiferromagnets with intrinsic circularly polarized magnon modes can carry spin information, but also in easy-plane antiferromagnets one can electrically generate pairs of linearly polarized spin waves, which carry an effective circular polarization and thus a spin information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Long-distance spin-transport across the Morin phase transition up to room temperature in ultra-low damping single crystals of the antiferromagnet α-Fe2O3

et al. 2020

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Antiferromagnetic materials can host spin-waves with polarizations ranging from circular to linear depending on their magnetic anisotropies. Until now, only easy-axis anisotropy antiferromagnets with circularly polarized spin-waves were reported to carry spin-information over long distances of micrometers. In this article, we report long-distance spin-transport in the easy-plane canted antiferromagnetic phase of hematite and at room temperature, where the linearly polarized magnons are not intuitively expected to carry spin. We demonstrate that the spin-transport signal decreases continuously through the easy-axis to easy-plane Morin transition, and persists in the easy-plane phase through current induced pairs of linearly polarized magnons with dephasing lengths in the micrometer range. We explain the long transport distance as a result of the low magnetic damping, which we measure to be ≤ 10−5 as in the best ferromagnets. All of this together demonstrates that long-distance transport can be achieved across a range of anisotropies and temperatures, up to room temperature, highlighting the promising potential of this insulating antiferromagnet for magnon-based devices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Long-distance spin-transport across the Morin phase transition up to room temperature in ultra-low damping single crystals of the antiferromagnet α-Fe2O3

et al. 2020

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“…Secondly, the ionic control could also be used for on-demand patterning of magnetic anisotropy. Thirdly, driving ionic motion with electric-fields, emulating state-of-art magneto-ionic proton-pumps 45,66 that exhibit ms-timescale ionic switching 66 , may enable practical, non-volatile and reversible control over magnons 6,20,21 or topological AFM textures [22][23][24] in α-Fe 2 O 3 and related systems. Lastly, given our observation that anisotropy modulation here originates essentially from electrontransfer, it would be interesting to control the AFM-state by ferroelectric gating at room temperature, which could operate at significantly faster timescales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Controlling antiferromagnetism in α-Fe 2 O 3 is important as it would open prospects for both magnonics and real-space topological spintronics. This is because the material exhibits ultra-low Gilbert damping 6,20 , has exceptionally-long and tunable spin diffusion (in the microns range) 6,20,21 , sizable spin-Hall magnetoresistance 16,18 (when combined with a Pt overlayer) and is also the only reported natural AFM to date that hosts a wide family of topological AFM textures [22][23][24] at room temperature. Consequently, reversible engineering of the anisotropy, and thereby the Morin transition, is crucial as it would allow control over magnon-transport 20,21 and topological texture dimensions 22 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because the material exhibits ultra-low Gilbert damping 6,20 , has exceptionally-long and tunable spin diffusion (in the microns range) 6,20,21 , sizable spin-Hall magnetoresistance 16,18 (when combined with a Pt overlayer) and is also the only reported natural AFM to date that hosts a wide family of topological AFM textures [22][23][24] at room temperature. Consequently, reversible engineering of the anisotropy, and thereby the Morin transition, is crucial as it would allow control over magnon-transport 20,21 and topological texture dimensions 22 . Previous reports have shown that strain 25 , chemical doping 19,[26][27][28][29][30] and meso-structure 31 can modify the antiferromagnetism in α-Fe 2 O 3 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reversible hydrogen control of antiferromagnetic anisotropy in α-Fe2O3

et al. 2021

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Antiferromagnetic insulators are a ubiquitous class of magnetic materials, holding the promise of low-dissipation spin-based computing devices that can display ultra-fast switching and are robust against stray fields. However, their imperviousness to magnetic fields also makes them difficult to control in a reversible and scalable manner. Here we demonstrate a novel proof-of-principle ionic approach to control the spin reorientation (Morin) transition reversibly in the common antiferromagnetic insulator α-Fe2O3 (haematite) – now an emerging spintronic material that hosts topological antiferromagnetic spin-textures and long magnon-diffusion lengths. We use a low-temperature catalytic-spillover process involving the post-growth incorporation or removal of hydrogen from α-Fe2O3 thin films. Hydrogenation drives pronounced changes in its magnetic anisotropy, Néel vector orientation and canted magnetism via electron injection and local distortions. We explain these effects with a detailed magnetic anisotropy model and first-principles calculations. Tailoring our work for future applications, we demonstrate reversible control of the room-temperature spin-state by doping/expelling hydrogen in Rh-substituted α-Fe2O3.

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“…Several groups have already made tremendous contributions toward a better understanding of all-electrical magnon transport experiments in MOIs. [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] These experiments utilize a heterostructure consisting of two NM strips in contact with the MOI, as shown in Figure 2. In the experiment, a charge current density j q is applied to the NM injector strip, which generates a spin current density j s .…”

Section: Electrically Driven Magnon Transport In Moismentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐Electrical Magnon Transport Experiments in Magnetically Ordered Insulators

Althammer

2021

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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Angular momentum transport is one of the cornerstones of spintronics. Spin angular momentum is not only transported by mobile charge carriers but also by the quantized excitations of the magnetic lattice in magnetically ordered systems. In this regard, magnetically ordered insulators (MOIs) provide a platform for magnon spin transport experiments without additional contributions from spin currents carried by mobile electrons. In combination with charge‐to‐spin current conversion processes in conductors with finite spin–orbit coupling, it is possible to realize all‐electrical magnon transport schemes in thin‐film heterostructures. Herein, an insight into such experiments and recent breakthroughs achieved is provided. Special attention is given to charge‐current‐based manipulation via an adjacent normal metal of magnon transport in MOIs in terms of spin‐transfer torque. Moreover, the influence of two magnon modes with opposite spin in antiferromagnetic insulators on all‐electrical magnon transport experiments is discussed.

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Birefringence-like spin transport via linearly polarized antiferromagnetic magnons

Cited by 131 publications

References 37 publications

Long-distance spin-transport across the Morin phase transition up to room temperature in ultra-low damping single crystals of the antiferromagnet α-Fe2O3

Long-distance spin-transport across the Morin phase transition up to room temperature in ultra-low damping single crystals of the antiferromagnet α-Fe2O3

Reversible hydrogen control of antiferromagnetic anisotropy in α-Fe2O3

All‐Electrical Magnon Transport Experiments in Magnetically Ordered Insulators

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