Birkhoff’s aesthetic ratio as a morphometric tool in the analysis of anatomical development of biological tree-like structures

MRI of an artistic judgment aptitude construct derived from Eysenck’s K factor.

“…The earliest record of empirical studies can be traced to Fechner’s 19th-century investigation of aesthetic preferences (Fechner, 1865, 1876), which pointed to the central influence of complexity and variety on visual preference (see also Brighouse, 1939). Later, Birkhoff (1933) proposed a mathematical model of complexity and order in visual arts, which continues to interest mathematicians (den Heijer & Eiben, 2010; Gil, Gimeno, Laborda, Nuviala, & Lahoz-Beltra, 2013; Walsh & Gade, 2011). Contemporary AJ aptitude research, however, begins with Eysenck’s factor analytic studies of visual preference for controlled images, namely, geometric polygons, which he systematically manipulated in several experiments (Eysenck, 1940, 1941a, 1941b, 1942).…”