Birth, cognitive and behavioral effects of intrauterine cannabis exposure in infants and children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Sorkhou, Maryam; Singla, Daisy R.; Castle, David J.; George, Tony P.

doi:10.1111/add.16370

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 113 publications

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“…The use of cannabis by pregnant women should be carefully considered, as prenatal cannabis use can be associated with potential harm to the infant, including a lower birth weight, preterm birth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and attention and externalizing problems [ 143 ]. However, due to the high utilization rate and the unavoidable passive cannabis intake, future studies may focus on how to decrease the harm of exposure to cannabis during pregnancy.…”

Section: Cbd/thc Studies In Special Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CBD and THC in Special Populations: Pharmacokinetics and Drug–Drug Interactions

Qian,

Beers,

Jackson

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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Cannabinoid use has surged in the past decade, with a growing interest in expanding cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) applications into special populations. Consequently, the increased use of CBD and THC raises the risk of drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Nevertheless, DDIs for cannabinoids, especially in special populations, remain inadequately investigated. While some clinical trials have explored DDIs between therapeutic drugs like antiepileptic drugs and CBD/THC, more potential interactions remain to be examined. This review summarizes the published studies on CBD and THC–drug interactions, outlines the mechanisms involved, discusses the physiological considerations in pharmacokinetics (PK) and DDI studies in special populations (including pregnant and lactating women, pediatrics, older adults, patients with hepatic or renal impairments, and others), and presents modeling approaches that can describe the DDIs associated with CBD and THC in special populations. The PK of CBD and THC in special populations remain poorly characterized, with limited studies investigating DDIs involving CBD/THC in these populations. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate potential DDIs between CBD/THC and medications that are commonly used in special populations. Modeling approaches can aid in understanding these interactions.

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Section: Cbd/thc Studies In Special Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CBD and THC in Special Populations: Pharmacokinetics and Drug–Drug Interactions

Qian,

Beers,

Jackson

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Systematic review: the impact of maternal pre-and postnatal cannabis use on the behavioral and emotional regulation in early childhood

Reyentanz,

Gerlach,

Kuitunen-Paul

et al. 2024

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Prenatal exposure to alcohol and tobacco has been associated with child regulatory abilities and problems, but less is known about the associations with cannabis exposure. This review seeks to address this gap primarily focusing on the effects of maternal cannabis use on the child. Thus, we investigate the association between pre- and postnatal cannabis exposure of the child and regulatory abilities and problems, as well as the underlying neurobiological mechanisms potentially mediating the associations. According to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review was performed based on a systematic literature search through Medline (PubMed), Web of Science and PsycInfo, including studies assessing children aged 0–6 years with cannabis exposure in the preconception, pre-or postnatal period (preconception, pre- and postnatal cannabis exposure [PCE]) and investigating child regulatory abilities, regulatory problems or neurobiological mechanisms. Of n = 1061 screened articles, n = 33 were finally included. Diminished regulatory abilities are more likely to be found in infants after PCE, while specific regulatory problems tend to be more frequently found after two years of age. Possible mechanisms are related to changes in methylation and expression of key genes involved in endocannabinoid, dopaminergic and opioid systems, increased cortisol reactivity and altered Secretory Immunoglobulin A levels. Furthermore, PCE has been associated with changes in brain structure and connectivity. Current findings indicate that PCE is associated with both age-dependent alterations in self-regulation and neurobiological changes in young children. However, evidence is limited due to the number of studies, small sample sizes and lack of control for maternal psychopathology. Longitudinal studies including psychometric data from mothers are needed in order to further understand the implications of PCE.Trial registration: The review is registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023425115).

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