Birth Defects Surveillance in India

Bhide, Prajkta

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1554-2_4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…32 All diagnoses were converted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) modification of the British Paediatric Association Classification of Diseases (BPA) using codingspecific crosswalks obtained from the National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) and WARDA. 32,33 For this assessment, we evaluated major birth defects included as part of the NBDPN annual report or the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. 34,35…”

Section: Leukemia and Birth Defects Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonchromosomal birth defects and risk of childhood acute leukemia: An assessment in 15 000 leukemia cases and 46 000 controls from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium

Lupo,

Chambers,

Mueller

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Although recent studies have demonstrated associations between nonchromosomal birth defects and several pediatric cancers, less is known about their role on childhood leukemia susceptibility. Using data from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium, we evaluated associations between nonchromosomal birth defects and childhood leukemia. Pooling consortium data from 18 questionnaire‐based and three registry‐based case‐control studies across 13 countries, we used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between a spectrum of birth defects and leukemia. Our analyses included acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n = 13 115) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 2120) cases, along with 46 172 controls. We used the false discovery rate to account for multiple comparisons. In the questionnaire‐based studies, the prevalence of birth defects was 5% among cases vs 4% in controls, whereas, in the registry‐based studies, the prevalence was 11% among cases vs 7% in controls. In pooled adjusted analyses, there were several notable associations, including (1) digestive system defects and ALL (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.46‐4.98); (2) congenital anomalies of the heart and circulatory system and AML (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.81‐4.52) and (3) nervous system defects and AML (OR = 4.23, 95% CI: 1.50‐11.89). Effect sizes were generally larger in registry‐based studies. Overall, our results could point to novel genetic and environmental factors associated with birth defects that could also increase leukemia susceptibility. Additionally, differences between questionnaire‐ and registry‐based studies point to the importance of complementary sources of birth defect phenotype data when exploring these associations.

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Section: Leukemia and Birth Defects Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonchromosomal birth defects and risk of childhood acute leukemia: An assessment in 15 000 leukemia cases and 46 000 controls from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium

Lupo,

Chambers,

Mueller

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…In contrast to Europe, the USA, Japan, Australia and Latin American countries, there is no birth defects surveillance in India that can provide an opportunity to detect the prenatal damages caused by embryotoxic drugs. 90 Despite the availability of thalidomide in India, publications spanning the period from the 1960s onwards have not reported any unusual increase in the numbers of typical limb deformity cases. 91 The earliest reported effort in identifying thalidomide-induced anomalies was apparently made in 1969 by Dr Charles Pinto, K.E.M.…”

Section: Conclusion: the Risk Of Thalidomide Embryopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

A history of thalidomide in India

Wimmelbücker,

Kar

2023

Med. Hist.

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In contrast to the well-known stories of the embryotoxic drug, thalidomide, in countries where it was responsible for large numbers of birth defects, there is limited information on its history in India. Its presence before 2002, when the country issued the first marketing licence for a thalidomide-containing preparation, is assumed to be negligible. This article challenges this view by showing that the drug entered the Indian subcontinent through the former Portuguese territory of Goa around 1960. We examine the subsequent development of its distribution, use and regulation in India from the mid-1960s up to the present situation. Colonial legacies are a crucial explanation for the early appearance of thalidomide on the Indian subcontinent. They also influenced its re-emergence as drug for treating leprosy reactions in India after 1965. We identify key actors in this process: the original German producer that delivered thalidomide free of charge, European doctors who worked for international non-governmental organizations, the World Health Organization (WHO), which supported clinical trials and later discouraged the use of the drug, and finally the Indian state institutions that limited its distribution and later quickly opened the way for the private sector to produce and market thalidomide and its analogues. Finally, we discuss the risk of thalidomide-induced birth defects by casting a critical look on the present state of regulatory provisions and the monitoring of birth defects in India.

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Birth Defects Surveillance in India

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Nonchromosomal birth defects and risk of childhood acute leukemia: An assessment in 15 000 leukemia cases and 46 000 controls from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium

Nonchromosomal birth defects and risk of childhood acute leukemia: An assessment in 15 000 leukemia cases and 46 000 controls from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium

A history of thalidomide in India

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