Birth Injuries in Neonates

Akangire, Gangaram; Carter, Brian S.

doi:10.1542/pir.2015-0125

Cited by 44 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Most of our patients (89.5%) were not operated upon. Other studies also reported non-operative treatment of birth injuries [17][18]. The management of birth injuries varies widely and depends on the type and severity of the injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of Birth Injuries in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria

Emeka¹,

Ekwochi²,

Tochukwu³

et al. 2019

AJBLS

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Background: Birth injury is defined as structural damage of a newborn secondary to mechanical forces that occur during labor and/or delivery. This study determined the incidence, risk factors and outcome of birth injury. Methodology: This was an observational study of birth injuries in neonates, over a period of one year, carried out at a tertiary hospital in Enugu, south east, Nigeria. Results: Out of the 1,735 births recorded during the period of the study, there were 19 cases of birth injuries. This gave an incidence of 11 per 1000 live births. No neonate had more than one injury. They were thirteen males and six females that sustained birth injury. Cephalohematoma was the most common birth injury. Others are caput succedaneum, clavicular fracture, Erb's palsy, femoral fracture, humeral fracture, shoulder dislocation and facial laceration. Mode of delivery, neonatal birth weight, gestational age and maternal parity were significant predictive risk factors for birth injury. Conclusion: In the current study, cephalohematoma was the most common birth injury, followed by caput succedaneum. There is need to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with birth injuries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of Birth Injuries in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria

Emeka¹,

Ekwochi²,

Tochukwu³

et al. 2019

AJBLS

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“…Delivery and birth are complex processes, that predisposes the newborn to neurological complications, most frequently affecting brachial plexus, the V and VII pairs [1,2,6]. Injury to laryngeal recurrent (IX), pneumogastric (X) and hypoglossal (XII) nerves has been reported in the adult patient following surgery (shoulder or posterior cervical spine surgery), ear-nose-throat interventions (such as rhinoplasty) or after orotracheal intubation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Canadian retrospective study including 61,106 deliveries concluded that the rate of severe perinatal morbidity and mortality was 0.83% in deliveries with dystocia and this rate was higher in deliveries with fetal distress (1.83%) [5]. Birth trauma is four to five times higher with the use of forceps, eight to nine times higher when using vacuum, and 11 to 12 times higher with the use of forceps and vacuum in combination compared to unassisted deliveries [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fetal risk factors appear to be associated with in-utero malpresentation, prematurity, birth weight greater than 3500g and congenital anomalies. As for the delivery itself, mechanisms such as vaginal breech delivery, endogenous compression from bony pelvis and maternal expulsive efforts, passage through birth canal, fetopelvic disproportion, nuchal cord, vacuum or forceps-assisted delivery increase the risk of neurological lesion [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Rare Event at Birth: A Case Report of Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsy

Cardoso¹

2019

NCP

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Post traumatic injuries of the lower cranial nerves are an infrequent event, especially as a result of birth trauma and obstetrical procedures. Literature has documented that this type of lesion is often found in the adult patient, as a consequence of medical and surgical interventions such as shoulder surgery, otorhinolaryngological procedures or airway manipulation, i.e. orotracheal intubation. Authors describe a case of multiple cranial nerve palsy, occurring in the IX, X and XII nerves, after forceps deliver in a newborn without airway manipulation, i.e. endotracheal intubation. We observed a complete neurological recovery. Patient's favorable evolution suggests neuropraxia as main mechanism, as a result of neural and brain stem compression or stretching.

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“…The prevalence of face and brow presentation has been reported as 0.14% to 0.54% in deliveries (8). Face presentation is associated with multiparity, macrosomia, cephalopelvic disproportion, prematurity, polyhydramnios, and fetal anomalies (such as anencephaly or cervical mass) (9). Newborn infants with face presentation usually have severe facial edema, facial bruising or ecchymosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%