Birth Order and Maternal Age of Homosexuals

Slater, Eliot

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(62)91719-1

Cited by 141 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The present studies confirm the finding of earlier research that homosexual males have a later average birth order than nonhomosexual males (Blanchard and Bogaert, 1996, in press;Blanchard and Zucker, 1994;Hare and Moran, 1979;Slater, 1962;Zucker and Blanchard, 1994) and the finding that this is as true of female-identified homosexuals as of those contented with their biological sex (Blanchard and Sheridan, 1992;Blanchard et al, 1995). The present studies further demonstrate that the correlation between late birth order and male homosexuality is not brought about by some factor characteristic of English-speaking societies, for example, their relatively high degree of sexual repressiveness and homophobia (e.g., Whitam and Zent, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The late birth order of homosexual men was first demonstrated by Slater (1962). It has subsequently been confirmed in several studies (Blanchard and Bogaert, 1996, in press;Blanchard and Sheridan, 1992;Blanchard and Zucker, 1994;Blanchard et al, 1995;Hare and Moran, 1979;Zucker and Blanchard, 1994), which have examined a variety of homosexual samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Birth order and sibling sex ratio in two samples of Dutch gender-dysphoric homosexual males

Blanchard¹,

Zucker

Cohen-Kettenis

et al. 1996

Arch Sex Behav

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Two studies were undertaken to confirm the previous findings that homosexual men in general tend to have a later than expected birth order and that extremely feminine homosexual men also tend to have a higher than expected proportion of brothers (i.e., a higher sibling sex ratio). Subjects in Study 1 were Dutch, adult and adolescent, biological male patients with gender dysphoria (persistent and recurrent desires to belong to the opposite sex), who were undergoing treatment with feminizing hormones. These comprised 83 patients who reported sexual attraction to other males (the homosexual group) and 58 who reported sexual attraction to females or equal attraction to males and females (the non-homosexual group). Subjects in Study 2 were Dutch adolescent male patients at another hospital. The homosexual group consisted of 21 gender-dysphoric homosexual teenagers referred to a gender identity clinic for children and adolescents. The control group were 21 adolescent males referred to the child psychiatry department of the same hospital for reasons other than gender identity disorder, homosexuality, or transvestism. These were individually matched to the homosexual subjects on age and sibship size. In both studies, the homosexual group had a significantly later average birth order than the comparison group. In Study 1, the homosexual group had a significantly elevated sibling sex ratio; this was not tested in Study 2 because of its small sample size. These studies add to the mounting evidence that late birth orders are common to all homosexual samples and that elevated sibling sex ratios are an additional characteristic of extremely feminine ones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Birth order and sibling sex ratio in two samples of Dutch gender-dysphoric homosexual males

Blanchard¹,

Zucker

Cohen-Kettenis

et al. 1996

Arch Sex Behav

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“…I t is notew orthy that the mean birth order of 0.51 among epi leptics and 0.58 am ong male homosexuals represents a statistically normal distribution, while 0.79 among mongols represents the shift to the right (Slater [1962]). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Birth Order of Multiple Sclerotic Subjects

Cendrowski¹

1966

Eur Neurol

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“…The difference between these two values (71.4) is lower than the standard error (95). According to Slater's [1962] method, the average birth order of the affected equals 0.4909 ± 0.0338, not significantly different from the expected val ue (0.50).…”

Section: Segregation Distortionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Mohr-Wriedt (A<sub>2</sub>) Brachydactyly

Freire‐Maia¹,

Maia²,

Pacheco³

1980

Hum Hered

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A large Brazilian kindred of German origin with 117 individuals with the A₂(Mohr-Wriedt) brachydactyly is presented. Some drawings based on radiographs and revealing the high phenotypic spectrum of the malformation are presented. Our corrected data suggest the presence of a segregation distortion in favor of the affected among the daughters of affected mothers (45:25; χ²₁= 5.71*). This apparent anomalous segregation is not significant in the other comparisons made, although the p values corresponding to the χ²₁ for two of them (78:56 and 109:83) are near 5%. Other ‘similar’ (although possibly different on the genetic aspect) A₂ cases in the literature do not present any evidence of anomalous segregation. The dermatoglyphic disturbances verified in the affected index fingers seem to be mere allophenes of the basic dysmorphogenetic process which leads to the (autophenic) bone malformations. There is no birth order effect on the affected. Fertility seems to be higher among them than among their normal sibs.

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Birth Order and Maternal Age of Homosexuals

Cited by 141 publications

References 1 publication

Birth order and sibling sex ratio in two samples of Dutch gender-dysphoric homosexual males

Birth order and sibling sex ratio in two samples of Dutch gender-dysphoric homosexual males

Birth Order of Multiple Sclerotic Subjects

Mohr-Wriedt (A<sub>2</sub>) Brachydactyly

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