Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease in China, 1980–2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 617 studies

Abstract

To assess the birth prevalence and spatial distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD) in China by conducting a complete overview and using spatial epidemiological methods. Unrestricted searches were conducted on seven electronic databases, with an end-date parameter of May 2019. Data on the birth prevalence of CHD and its subtypes were collected and combined using either the random-effect model or fixed-effect model. Subgroup sensitivity analyses were performed to explore potential heterogeneity moderators. The three-dimensional trend analysis and a visualization of CHD birth prevalence among different provinces were performed to describe the spatial distribution characteristics. Total 617 studies involving 76,961,354 births and 201,934 CHD individuals were included. Overall, total CHD birth prevalence increased continuously over time, from 0.201‰ in 1980–1984 to 4.905‰ in 2015–2019. The study on the high-income provinces, population-based monitoring model, male births, and urban regions reported a significantly higher prevalence of total CHD compared with upper-middle-income provinces, hospital-based monitoring model, female births, and rural regions, respectively. National CHD birth prevalence increased gradually from western region to eastern region, but decreased gradually from southern to northern region. Relevant heterogeneity moderators including gender, geographic region, income levels, and monitoring models have been identified by subgroup analyses. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. Total CHD birth prevalence in China increases continuously in the past 40 years. Significant differences in gender, geographical regions, income levels, and monitoring models were found. In the future, population wide prospective birth defect registries covering the entire Chinese population need to determine the exact birth prevalence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10654-020-00653-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Diagnostic value of pulse oximetry combined with cardiac auscultation in screening congenital heart disease in neonates

“…Therefore, CHD is being increasingly recognized. 2 The estimated incidence of CHD is 1% at birth, while CHD accounts for approximately one third of all infant deaths within the first year in China. 3 , 4 However, the majority of patients with CHD fail to be diagnosed at the early stages after birth because of a lack of specific symptoms.…”

Nkx2–5 Regulates the Proliferation and Migration of H9c2 Cells

“…Individuals with CHD are at risk for heart failure and arrhythmias [ 2 ]. Common types of CHD include atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus, and tetralogy of Fallot [ 3 ], with ASD and VSD being the most common types [ 4 ]. ASD is a continuous interruption of the cardiac atrial septum, which can lead to heart failure, arrhythmia, and pulmonary hypertension.…”

Geographical Clustering Analysis of Birth Defects in Guangxi

“…The largest hot spot area located in the cities of Nanning and Chongzuo of Spatial epidemiology based on GIS spatial analysis technology plays an important role in control and prevention of diseases 13 , which usually be applied in disease surveillance and health risk analysis in public health 18,19 . Although spatial epidemiology has been applied to explore BD and maternal health problems in recent years [20][21][22][23][24] , but most studies were only applied simple descriptive mapping of spatial distribution patterns 25 , especially in Guangxi, the spatial epidemiology of BD is not well understood. This study is the first spatial epidemiology report on BD prevalence of Guangxi by using GIS technology.…”