Birth size and risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

Lawler-Heavner, Janet; Cruickshanks, Karen J.; Hay, William W.; Hamman, Richard F.

doi:10.1016/0168-8227(94)90110-4

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…An investigator from each of the 34 studies was invited to provide raw data (or estimates from pre-specified analyses), but one author [40] could not be contacted. Individual patient data or pre-specified estimates were obtained from 29 studies (in one study [28], data were extracted directly from the published report). Characteristics of these predominantly European studies are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also included 12,058 cases, thus providing high power to [10,28] c Adjusted for maternal age in categories as above, gestational age in categories (as above), birth order in categories (as above), maternal diabetes (see Table 1), Caesarean section (yes or no) and breastfeeding (see Table 1 for details) d Excluding case-control studies with controls not randomly selected or population-based or studies in which the response rate in either the case group or control group was less than 80% (or unknown) as shown in Table 1 Ref cat., reference category identify associations of relatively small magnitude and allowing reliable subgroup analyses. Although data were not available from five of the 34 studies identified, in the largest of these [30], approximate results could be extracted from a figure and were consistent with our main finding (as demonstrated by sensitivity analysis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birthweight and the risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies using individual patient data

et al. 2010

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Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birthweight and the risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies using individual patient data

et al. 2010

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“…Similarly, a large European case-control study demonstrated a threefold reduction in diabetes risk among low-birthweight infants [3]. Other epidemiological studies, however, have failed to demonstrate a clear association between birthweight and type 1 diabetes risk [37,38] or have only found a link between birthweight and diabetes before age 10 years [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In utero undernutrition reduces diabetes incidence in non-obese diabetic mice

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis Observational studies in humans suggest that low birthweight may decrease the risk of type 1 diabetes, but the mechanism is unknown. We hypothesised that antenatal undernutrition would decrease the incidence of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Materials and methods A 40% restriction of energy intake was applied to pregnant NOD dams from day 12.5 to day 18.5 of gestation, resulting in intrauterine growth retardation of offspring. All mice were fed a standard diet after weaning. Control and undernourished female offspring were followed to assess diabetes incidence. Male NOD mice were treated with cyclophosphamide to accelerate development of diabetes. Glucose homeostasis, body composition and pancreatic histology were compared in control and undernourished offspring. Results Mean birthweight was lower in undernourished than in control mice (p=0.00003). At 24 weeks of age, the cumulative incidence of spontaneous diabetes in female mice was 73% in control and 48% in undernourished mice (p=0.003). In cyclophosphamide-treated male mice, antenatal undernutrition also tended to reduce the development of diabetes (p=0.058). Maternal leptin levels were lower in undernourished dams on day 18.5 of pregnancy (p=0.039), while postnatal leptin levels were significantly higher in undernourished offspring at 4, 20 and 27 weeks of life (p<0.05). Beta cell mass was similar in both groups (control = 0.4 mg; undernourished = 0.54 mg; p=0.24). Histological evidence of apoptosis at 20 weeks was greater in control than in undernourished mice (control = 6.3± 1.4%; undernourished = 4.2±0.3%, p=0.05). Conclusions/interpretation Antenatal undernutrition reduces the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice, perhaps via alterations in apoptosis.

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“…Case-control studies investigating risks for childhood IDDM associated with in utero exposures have been conducted using reported information from mothers [14,16,19] or national datasets of variables routinely collected for descriptive statistics [13,15,29]. We report the results of the first large scale populationbased case-control study analysing detailed data directly abstracted from hospital medical records, permitting investigation of an extensive range of variables not available from birth statistics [13,15,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other maternal factors such as maternal-child blood group incompatibility [13], older age of mothers [13][14][15][16][17], toxaemia [13], maternal diabetes [13,15] and mother's educational attainment [14,15,18] appear to influence risk. Caesarean delivery [13,15], birthweight [19,20] and birth order [15,16] have also been implicated, although the mechanisms are unclear. These factors were considered as a priori hypotheses alongside additional new variables being examined for evidence of association.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%