1977
DOI: 10.1017/s0021932000011317
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Birth spacing and prolonged lactation in rural Zambia

Abstract: Data were collected from 1044 mothers resident in the rural areas of Zambia during a National Nutrition Status Survey, to determine the effect of lactation on the interval between conceptions. Lactation is very prolonged with a small proportion of mothers continuing up to 33 months. A main reason for cessation of breast-feeding appears to be a new pregnancy, only 1 -5 % of mothers being neither pregnant nor lactating up to 12 months. During lactation, conception is delayed for at least 12 months. The peak in n… Show more

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Cited by 12 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Several studies in different locales (Bonte et al, 1974;Wenlock, 1977;Popkin, Bilsborrow & Akin, 1982) have noted a decrease in breast-feeding activity and the duration of post-partum amenorrhoea in urban dwellers relative to rural residents. These differences are reasonably attributed to the incorporation of western infant feeding practices, particularly among the more affluent city dwellers.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several studies in different locales (Bonte et al, 1974;Wenlock, 1977;Popkin, Bilsborrow & Akin, 1982) have noted a decrease in breast-feeding activity and the duration of post-partum amenorrhoea in urban dwellers relative to rural residents. These differences are reasonably attributed to the incorporation of western infant feeding practices, particularly among the more affluent city dwellers.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An impressive body of research has firmly established that breastfeeding is the major determinant of post-partum amenorrhea (e.g., Perez et al, 1971;Berman et al, 1972;van Ginneken, 1977;Wenlock, 1977;Konner and Worthman, 1980;Jain and Bongaarts, 1981;Bracher and Santow, 1982;Howie and McNeilly, 1982;Hennart et al, 1985;Rivera et al, 1985;Diaz, 1989;Glasier, 1989;Gray et al, 1990). These investigations were initially prompted by the hypothesis that variation in lactation might contribute to fertility differences among populations (Gioiosa, 1955;Henry, 1961;Tietze, 1961), a suggestion contrary to the then prevailing biomedical position, which dismissed any purported effects of nursing on conception.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is a very low rate of new pregnancies by African standards. In Rwanda, where lactation continues to 9 months, 50% of mothers were pregnant again by 18 months (Bonte & Van Balen, 1969), and in rural Zambia where lactation continues normally to 24 months 33% of mothers were pregnant again by 27 months (Wenlock, 1977). Debarek mothers follow a 34-39 month cycle of births which is reflected in the average numbers of live births per mother at all ages as shown in Table 3.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Debarek mothers follow a 34-39 month cycle of births which is reflected in the average numbers of live births per mother at all ages as shown in Table 3. Debarek mothers have consistently fewer live births at any age than rural Zambian mothers, who themselves have birth intervals extended by prolonged lactation (Wenlock, 1977). The survey could not include any investigation into sexual habits and there is no information on habitual sexual abstinence during lactation by the Debarek women.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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