Birth trauma to muscles in babies born by breech delivery and its possible fatal consequences.

Ralis, ZA

doi:10.1136/adc.50.1.4

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The authors postulated that this might suggest causality between the obstetric trauma of a breech pregnancy and cryptorchidism, citing evidence from previous studies that had found testicular bruising and lesions among children who had presented in the breech position. 184–186 The authors also suggested this observation was further grounds for protective Caesarean section to deliver these children. 84 …”

Section: Birth Presentationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Risk factors for cryptorchidism

et al. 2017

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The condition known as cryptorchidism – undescended testis – is one of the most common congenital abnormalities found among males, and is one of the few known risk factors for testicular cancer (TC). Like testicular cancer, the key exposures in the occurrence of cryptorchidism remain elusive. Testicular descent is thought to occur during two hormonally-controlled phases – between 8–15 weeks and 25–35 weeks gestation – and while it is clear that a failure of testes to descend permanently is likely due to disruptions to one or both of these phases, the cause(s) and mechanism(s) of such disruption are still unclear. In this manuscript, we review the broad range of putative risk factors that have been evaluated in relation to the development of cryptorchidism to date, discuss their plausibility, and make suggestions regarding further approaches to understand aetiology. There are few exposures for which there is consistent evidence of an association with cryptorchidism; and in those cases where evidence appears unequivocal – for example, the relationship between cryptorchidism and gestational measures such as low birth weight – the measured exposure is likely to be a surrogate for the true causal exposure. The relative importance of each risk factor may vary considerably between mother/son pairs depending on an array of genetic, maternal, placental and foetal factors – all of which could vary between regions.

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Section: Birth Presentationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Risk factors for cryptorchidism

et al. 2017

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“…25 Perinatal fatalities after extensive muscular and soft tissue injury of the back and lower extremities in breech births have been suggested to result from crush injury and disseminated intravascular coagulation. 26 Particular obstetric interventions such as cesarean section and forceps or vacuum extractions may increase the risk of birth trauma. A rare manifestation of birth trauma includes neonatal arterial stroke secondary to carotid artery dissection subsequent to vacuum and forceps extraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Birth Trauma Due to an Undiagnosed Abdominal Teratoma

Sheil

Collins

2007

American Journal of Forensic Medicine &Amp; Pathology

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The fetus is subjected to mechanical forces during labor and delivery, which may result in traumatic injuries. Such injuries include intracranial hemorrhage, spinal cord lesions, cephalhematoma, cranial or peripheral nerve palsies, intraabdominal organ rupture, or bony fractures. Risk for perinatal trauma and mortality is increased in primigravidas, multiple gestations, abnormal presentations, maternal-fetal disproportion, oligohydramnios, forceps or vacuum extractions, and internal version maneuvers. Very-low-birth-weight neonates (<1500 g) are at high risk due to ease of deformity of the cranium. Infants with certain congenital anomalies or pathologic processes that distort normal anatomy are also at increased risk, especially when a prenatal diagnosis is lacking. The authors present a case of a term gestation neonate who sustained a cervical spine dislocation fracture of C5-7, with subtotal transection of the spinal cord and resultant paralysis. The fetus was in vertex presentation, and a manual vaginal delivery was attempted. When the infant lodged in the birth canal following a difficult delivery of the head and arms, its enlarged abdomen was palpated, and the delivery was converted to an emergent cesarean section. The infant lived for 3 days and then expired due to neurologic complications of trauma sustained during the attempted vaginal delivery. Autopsy revealed a previously undiagnosed intraabdominal immature teratoma. The pathology of teratomas, the most common neonatal tumor and occasionally implicated in cases of birth trauma, will be addressed, followed by a review of the literature concerning birth trauma.

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“…It is not yet possible to state whether, or how often sterility through a permanent damage of the testes may result [18]. RÄüs [44] describes severely damaged testicles within the inguinal canal in two cases. Traction on the hyperextended spine of the infant with the head fixed in the maternal pelvis may lead to a long opisthotonus position, which can often be noted with infants after breech delivery (own observations).…”

Section: Perus Associated With Breech Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brain damage is the most common cause of death with breech born infants. Frequently, intracranial 1 haemorrhage was found in post-mortem examinations, namely 50% [9], 48% [44], 35% [46]-These figures include both damage due to asphyxia and mechanical trauma. It seems, that in term infants there is a prevalence of mechanical factors.…”

Section: Perus Associated With Breech Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But, without doubt, prematurity may also play an important role with preterm infants because the fragility of the vessels and the immaturity of the organs, including the brain itself, predisposes to bleeding. RÄLts [44] in his study of the birth trauma to muscles in babies born by breech deliveiy emphasizes the fetal combination of extensive muscle damage, crush-syndrome, haemorrhagic shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Whether adrenal haemorrhage in breech born infants is due to trauma, anoxia, or severe stress, is unknown.…”

Section: Perus Associated With Breech Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review article

1978

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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Birth trauma to muscles in babies born by breech delivery and its possible fatal consequences.

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Risk factors for cryptorchidism

Risk factors for cryptorchidism

Fatal Birth Trauma Due to an Undiagnosed Abdominal Teratoma

Review article

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