Birth Weight and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Whincup, Peter H.; Kaye, Samantha J.; Owen, Christopher G.; Huxley, Rachel R.; Cook, Derek G; Anazawa, Sonoko; Barrett‐Connor, Elizabeth; Bhargava, Santosh K.; Birgisdóttir, Bryndís Eva; Carlsson, Sofia; Rooij, Susanne R. de; Dyck, Roland; Eriksson, Johan G.; Falkner, Bonita; Fall, Caroline H.D.; Forsén, Tom; Grill, Valdemar; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Hulman, Sonia; Hyppönen, Elina; Jeffreys, Mona; Lawlor, Debbie A.; Leon, David A.; Minami, Junichi; Mishra, Gita D.; Osmond, Clive; Power, Chris; Rich‐Edwards, Janet W.; Roseboom, Tessa J.; Sachdev, Harshpal Singh; Syddall, Holly; Þórsdóttir, Inga; Vanhala, Mauno; Wadsworth, Michael; Yarbrough, Donald E.

doi:10.1001/jama.2008.886

Cited by 829 publications

(346 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Although the evidence for a similar positive impact on neurocognitive outcomes is relatively sparse, the potential for such long‐term benefits on height and neurocognition makes the promotion of infancy weight gain an appealing policy. On the other hand, insulin resistance is higher in SGA catch‐up children than in the general population and this finding is supported by consistent evidence on the association between low birthweight and type 2 diabetes 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…However, if the actual conditions do not match the ones predicted, the adaptation can have an adverse impact on long‐term health, leading to disease 6. Associations have been widely observed between low birthweight and later noncommunicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes 7. Evidence from animal and human models has led to the suggestion that those associations with low birthweight are mediated, in part, by rapid postnatal weight gain and catch‐up growth leading to excessive adiposity 8, 9.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review indicates postnatal growth in term infants born small‐for‐gestational‐age being associated with later neurocognitive and metabolic outcomes

et al. 2017

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We systematically reviewed papers published in English between 1994 and October 2015 on how postnatal weight gain and growth affect neurodevelopment and metabolic outcomes in term‐born small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants. Two randomised trials reported that enriched infant formulas that promoted early growth also increased fat mass, lean mass and blood pressure (BP), but had no effect on early neurocognitive outcomes. Meanwhile, 31 observational studies reported consistent positive associations between postnatal weight gain and growth with neurocognitive outcomes, adiposity, insulin resistance and BP. Conclusion: Few intervention studies exist, despite consistent positive associations between early growth and neurocognition in term‐born SGA infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review indicates postnatal growth in term infants born small‐for‐gestational‐age being associated with later neurocognitive and metabolic outcomes

et al. 2017

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“…Low birth weight is a well‐established risk factor for cardiovascular disease,1 type 2 diabetes mellitus,2 and hypertension,3 as well as several other known atrial fibrillation (AF) risk factors, such as pulmonary function 4, 5. There are 3 previous studies that report on associations between self‐reported birth weight and incident AF, with divergent results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Risk Factors for Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Johnson

Salonen

Kajantie

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundEarly life risk factors are associated with cardiometabolic disease, but have not been fully studied in atrial fibrillation (AF). There are discordant results from existing studies of birth weight and AF, and the impact of maternal body size, gestational age, placental size, and birth length is unknown.Methods and ResultsThe Helsinki Birth Cohort Study includes 13 345 people born as singletons in Helsinki in the years 1934–1944. Follow‐up was through national registries, and ended on December 31, 2013, with 907 incident cases. Cox regression analyses stratified on year of birth were constructed for perinatal variables and incident AF, adjusting for offspring sex, gestational age, and socioeconomic status at birth. There was a significant U‐shaped association between birth weight and AF (P for quadratic term=0.01). The lowest risk of AF was found among those with a birth weight of 3.4 kg (3.8 kg for women [85th percentile] and 3.0 kg for men [17th percentile]). High maternal body mass index (≥30 kg/m2) predicted offspring AF; hazard ratio 1.36 (95% CI 1.07–1.74, P=0.01) compared with normal body mass index (<25 kg/m2). Maternal height was associated with early‐onset AF (<65.3 years), hazard ratio 1.47 (95% CI 1.24–1.74, P<0.0001), but not with later onset AF. Results were independent of incident coronary artery disease, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsHigh maternal body mass index during pregnancy and maternal height are previously undescribed predictors of offspring AF. Efforts to prevent maternal obesity might reduce later AF in offspring. Birth weight has a U‐shaped relation to incident AF independent of other perinatal variables.

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“…One very large study used data from more than 230,000 individuals in the UK Biobank (Tyrrell et al 2013), finding that paternal diabetes at conception predicts the risk of diabetes in offspring, and further, that birthweight at least partly mediates this association; low birthweight is in and of itself an established predictor of type 2 diabetes in later life (Whincup et al 2008). Studies of the Guangzhou birth cohort of China found that paternal BMI positively correlated with fetal growth in males, as well as with cortisol levels in newborns (Chen et al 2012).…”

Section: Epidemiological Observations Implicate Fathers In Children'smentioning

confidence: 99%

Paternal epigenetic programming: evolving metabolic disease risk

Hur

Cropley

Suter

2017

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Parental health or exposures can affect the lifetime health outcomes of offspring, independently of inherited genotypes. Such 'epigenetic' effects occur over a broad range of environmental stressors, including defects in parental metabolism. Although maternal metabolic effects are well documented, it has only recently been established that that there is also an independent paternal contribution to long-term metabolic health. Both paternal undernutrition and overnutrition can induce metabolic phenotypes in immediate offspring, and in some cases, the induced phenotype can affect multiple generations, implying inheritance of an acquired trait. The male lineage transmission of metabolic disease risk in these cases implicates a heritable factor carried by sperm. Sperm-based transmission provides a tractable system to interrogate heritable epigenetic factors influencing metabolism, and as detailed here, animal models of paternal programming have already provided some significant insights. Here, we review the evidence for paternal programming of metabolism in humans and animal models, and the available evidence on potential underlying mechanisms. Programming by paternal metabolism can be observed in multiple species across animal phyla, suggesting that this phenomenon may have a unique evolutionary significance.

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Birth Weight and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract: In most populations studied, birth weight was inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk.

Cited by 829 publications

References 75 publications

Systematic review indicates postnatal growth in term infants born small‐for‐gestational‐age being associated with later neurocognitive and metabolic outcomes

Systematic review indicates postnatal growth in term infants born small‐for‐gestational‐age being associated with later neurocognitive and metabolic outcomes

Early Life Risk Factors for Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Paternal epigenetic programming: evolving metabolic disease risk

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